Table 1.
Effects of metformin on prognosis. RCT: randomized controlled trial; BMI: Body Mass Index; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; HR: hazard ratio; OR: odds ratio
| Ref. | Subjects | Study design | Number of subjects | Median follow-up | Effect of metformin on blood glucose levels | Effect of metformin on endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Obese (BMI >27 kg/m2) patients with diabetes | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | 753 | 10.7 years | Comparable to other strategies | Improved survival (p = 0.021) |
| 4 | STEMI patients with diabetes | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | 1,145 | 4.1 years | Comparable to other strategies | Improved survival (HR death: 0.65, 0.47–0.90, p = 0.01) |
| 5 | Patients with diabetes undergoing coronary intervention | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | 2,772 | 9 months | Higher blood glucose levels compared to other strategies | Improved survival (OR death: 0.41, 0.21–0.79, p = 0.008) |
| Lower rates of MI (OR MI: 0.41, 0.20–0.84, p = 0.016) | ||||||
| 6 | Patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis | Observational | 19,691 | 2 years | Higher blood glucose levels compared to other strategies | Improved survival (HR death: 0.76, 0.65–0.89, p < 0.001) |
| 7 | Elderly patients with diabetes and heart failure | Retrospective | 16,417 | 1 year | No data on glycemic control | Improved survival (HR death: 0.86, 0.78–0.97) |
| 8 | Patients with diabetes and heart failure | Observational | 6,185 | 2 years | No data on glycemic control | Improved survival (HR death: 0.76, 0.63–0.92, p < 0.001) |
| 9 | Patients with type 2 diabetes | Meta-analysis | 96,295 | 1.3 years | No data on glycemic control | No increased risk for lactic acidosis |
| No differences in lactate levels |