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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 12.

Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2012 May 14;125(23):2844–2853. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.060889

Impact of mechanical unloading on myocardial lipid content, metabolic gene expression and AMPK activation in patients with advanced HF. (A) No changes are detectable in cardiac levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids. Increased levels of DAG and ceramide in advanced HF correct after mechanical unloading of the failing myocardium. (B) Changes in myocardial metabolic gene expression in response to mechanical unloading (empty bars – pre-LVAD; filled bars – post-LVAD; *p<0.05 vs. pre-LVAD). (C) Reduced myocardial AMPK phosphorylation in patients with advanced HF compared to controls partially corrects after mechanical unloading of the failing myocardium (empty bars – controls; filled bars - pre-LVAD; grey bars – post-LVAD; *p<0.05 vs. pre-LVAD; #p<0.01 vs. controls; n=6–8 individual patients before and after LVAD implantation).

Impact of mechanical unloading on myocardial lipid content, metabolic gene expression and AMPK activation in patients with advanced HF. (A) No changes are detectable in cardiac levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids. Increased levels of DAG and ceramide in advanced HF correct after mechanical unloading of the failing myocardium. (B) Changes in myocardial metabolic gene expression in response to mechanical unloading (empty bars – pre-LVAD; filled bars – post-LVAD; *p<0.05 vs. pre-LVAD). (C) Reduced myocardial AMPK phosphorylation in patients with advanced HF compared to controls partially corrects after mechanical unloading of the failing myocardium (empty bars – controls; filled bars - pre-LVAD; grey bars – post-LVAD; *p<0.05 vs. pre-LVAD; #p<0.01 vs. controls; n=6–8 individual patients before and after LVAD implantation).