Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios Using 3 Analytic Approaches: Matched (Matched Analysis of Case-control Sets), Restricted Unmatched (Unmatched Analysis of Members of Case-control Sets), and Full Unmatched (Unmatched Analysis of All Cases and Controls); Case-control Study of Retinoblastoma Using Friend Controls, United States, 2002 – 2007.

	Unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals						Adjusteda odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals
	Matched		Restricted unmatched		Full unmatched		Matched		Restricted unmatched		Full unmatched
	ORb	95% CIc	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Exposure/characteristicd
Smoked in year before pregnancy
Ever	1.2	0.8, 2.0	1.3	0.8, 2.2	2.0**	1.3, 3.0	1.2	0.7, 2.1	1.2	0.7, 2.0	1.5	1.0, 2.4
# cigarettes
None (Reference)
1–10	1.1	0.6, 2.1	1.2	0.6, 2.2	1.8*	1.1, 3.1	1.0	0.5, 2.1	1.0	0.5, 2.2	1.2	0.6, 2.3
11+	1.4	0.7, 2.8	1.5	0.8, 2.9	2.1*	1.2, 3,7	1.5	0.8, 2.9	1.1	0.4, 2.6	1.7	0.8, 3.6
Binge drinking ≥ 1 time/monthe	0.7	0.4, 1.3	0.8	0.4, 1.4	0.9	0.5, 1.5	0.7	0.4, 1.3	0.7	0.4, 1.4	0.8	0.5, 1.3
Multivitamin use	1.5	0.9, 2.4	1.3	0.9, 2.0	1.1	0.8, 1.7	1.5	0.9, 2.5	1.5	0.9, 2.3	1.4	0.9, 2.1
Vitamin C supplement use	1.8*	1.1, 3.1	1.6	1.0, 2.6	1.2	0.8, 1.9	2.0*	1.2, 3.5	1.8*	1.1, 3.0	1.5	0.9, 2.4
≥ 1 apple serving/week	0.5*	0.3, 0.9	0.6**	0.4, 0.9	0.5**	0.4, 0.8	0.5*	0.3, 0.9	0.6*	0.4, 0.9	0.6**	0.4, 0.9
≥ 2 cured meat servings/week	1.8*	1.1, 2.8	1.7*	1.1, 2.7	1.4	0.9, 2.1	1.8*	1.1, 2.9	1.7*	1.1, 2.7	1.4	0.9, 2.1
Body mass index ≥ 25	1.2	0.7, 2.0	1.3	0.8, 2.1	1.2	0.8, 1.8	1.2	0.7, 2.1	1.3	0.8, 2.1	1.2	0.8, 1.8
History of lower GI series	3.5*	1.2, 10.7	2.7*	1.0, 6.8	2.4*	1.0, 5.9	3.9*	1.3, 12.0	3.0*	1.1, 7.8	2.9*	1.2, 7.2
Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white	1.0	0.4, 2.3	1.4	0.9, 2.4	2.6***	1.7, 4.0	1.0	0.4, 2.3	1.2	0.7, 2.1	2.2**	1.4, 3.4
College graduate or higher	0.8	0.4, 1.3	0.7	0.4, 1.0	0.5***	0.3, 0.7	0.8	0.4, 1.3	0.7	0.4, 1.0	0.6**	0.4, 0.8
Income ≥ $35,000	1.4	0.7, 3.0	1.1	0.6, 2.0	0.6*	0.4, 0.9	1.5	0.7, 3.3	1.7	0.8, 3.3	1.1	0.6, 2.0
Age ≥ 30 at child’s birth	1.7	0.9, 3.0	1.3	0.8, 2.1	1.1	0.7, 1.6	1.6	0.9, 2.9	1.6	1.0, 2.5	1.5	1.0, 2.3

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001

^aOdds ratios are adjusted for child’s birth year, father’s race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, other) and father’s educational level (< high school, high school/some post high school, college graduate) except as follows; the ORs for demographic characteristics are adjusted for the other demographic characteristics, i.e.. the OR for non-white race/ethnicity is adjusted for birth year and father’s educational level, the OR for college graduate or higher is adjusted for birth year and father’s race/ethnicity, and the OR for income ≥ $35,000 is adjusted for father’s race/ethnicity and father’s educational level

^bOR odds ratio

^cCI confidence interval

^dExposures/characteristics pertain to the father in the year before the index pregnancy except that the time period for history of lower GI series is any time prior to the index child’s conception.

^eBinge drinking was defined as consuming 6 or more drinks on one occasion