FIGURE 3.

Proinflammatory cytokines secretion by THP-1 macrophages stimulated with Mma_DMAG. Differentiated THP-1 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of either Mma_DMAG or LM from Mma. Culture supernatants were collected after 6 or 24 h and assayed by ELISA for TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-8 (C) secretion. Data are expressed as the means ± S.D. of triplicates and are representative from three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed by using Student's t test (p values were < 0.05; ns, nonspecific p > 0.05).