Table.
Occurrence Times of the First Local and Global Compression Force Peaks at the Impact Barrier, Occipital Condyles, and C5 or C6 Vertebra Ordered Chronologically (Mean ± SD) a
| Event |
Time, ms |
Compression Force, N |
Flexion Moment, Nm |
Head Motion Relative to Torso |
||||
| Impact Barrier |
Occipital Condyles |
C5 or C6 |
Occipital Condyles |
Flexion, ° |
Posterior Shear, cm |
Compression, cm |
||
| First local compression force peak | ||||||||
| Impact barrier | 18.8 ± 1.5 | 3070.0 ± 168.0 | 2744.3 ± 518.1 | 1511.6 ± 360.0 | 30.0 ± 12.3 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| Occipital condyles | 19.6 ± 2.1 | 2959.9 ± 95.9 | 2868.1 ± 732.4 | 1943.5 ± 910.4 | 33.6 ± 15.6 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.6 |
| C5 or C6 | 25.0 ± 3.7 | 2950.4 ± 562.5 | 3287.7 ± 891.9 | 2884.6 ± 910.7 | 45.6 ± 13.0 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 1.1 |
| Global compression force peak | ||||||||
| Occipital condyles | 45.8 ± 4.8 | 6225.3 ± 747.0 | 6485.9 ± 1925.5 | 7391.6 ± 677.1 | 135.6 ± 37.2 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 1.7 |
| C5 or C6 | 46.6 ± 5.0 | 6464.0 ± 782.1 | 6414.6 ± 1918.9 | 7531.6 ± 757.1 | 131.1 ± 32.0 | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 1.6 |
| Impact barrier | 49.4 ± 5.2 | 6662.6 ± 742.0 | 6057.8 ± 1874.0 | 6929.0 ± 1153.8 | 124.6 ± 24.8 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 1.6 |
a
Average data at each event time are provided for: compression force at the barrier, occipital condyles, and C5 or C6; flexion moment at the occipital condyles; and head motions relative to the torso including flexion, posterior shear, and compression.