Table 3.

Associations of Lower Extremity Muscle Measures with All-Cause Mortality in Men and Women with Peripheral Arterial Disease.^*

	Tertile 1 (poorest muscle measure at baseline)	Tertile 2	Tertile 3 (best muscle measure at baseline)	Trend P value
Calf Muscle Area and All-Cause Mortality
Model 1	1.62 (0.92-2.85)	1.35 (0.77-2.37)	1.00 (reference)	0.050
Model 2	1.43 (0.77-2.32)	1.45 (0.81-2.61)	1.00 (reference)	0.137
Hand Grip and All-Cause Mortality
Model 1	1.81 (0.94-3.48)	0.95 (0.48-1.87)	1.00 (reference)	0.006
Model 2	1.71 (0.89-3.32)	0.86 (0.42-1.74)	1.00 (reference)	0.005
Knee Extension Isometric Strength and All-Cause Mortality
Model 1	2.44 (1.18-5.02)	3.00 (1.46-6.16)	1.00 (reference)	0.038
Model 2	1.96 (0.90-4.26)	2.70 (1.27-5.70)	1.00 (reference)	0.185
Calf Muscle Area and Cardiovascular Mortality
Model 1	2.84 (0.89-9.05)	2.50 (0.79-7.89)	1.00 (reference)	0.305
Model 2	2.56 (0.74-8.84)	2.63 (0.81-8.59)	1.00 (reference)	0.584
Calf Muscle Percent Fat and Cardiovascular Mortality
Model 1	0.63 (0.25-1.58)	0.91 (0.42-1.95)	1.00 (reference)	0.305
Model 2	2.56 (0.74-8.84)	2.63 (0.81-8.59)	1.00 (reference)	0.584
Knee Extension Power and Cardiovascular Mortality
Model 1	2.27 (1.26 - 4.08)	1.13 (0.61 - 2.07)	1.00 (reference)	0.004
Model 2	1.90( 1.04 - 3.49)	1.02( 0.55 - 1.90)	1.00 (reference)	0.046

^*Data shown are hazard ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals. Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race. Model 1 for the calf muscle area measure also adjusts for tibia length. Model 2 adjusts for variables in Model 1 and smoking, body mass index, ankle brachial index, physical activity, comorbidities, and study cohort (WALCS vs. WALCS II). The best tertile at baseline (Tertile 3) serves as the reference group against which the worst tertile at baseline (Tertile 1) and Tertile 2 are compared. Thus, the hazard ratio group for the reference is 1.0 and hazard ratios for Tertiles 1 and 2 are relative to this reference.