Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2011 Apr 25;130(3):509–520. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26005

Figure 2. MKK4-mediated suppression of spontaneous metastasis formation is due to impaired metastatic colonization.

Figure 2

A. Schema for spontaneous metastasis assay. Upper Panel Injection of 2 ×105 AT6.1-Vector or AT6.1-HA-MKK4 cells subcutaneously into the flank of immunodeficient mice or syngeneic rats yields progressively growing tumors. Lower Panel The location and disposition of cancer cells at specific time points during spontaneous metastasis: disseminated cells (DC), microscopic metastases (MM), and overt metastases (OM) found in lungs at characteristic days post injection (dpi). B. Quantitation of the number of disseminated cells within the lungs at 21 dpi using q-RT PCR. Data is shown as the mean ± standard error [i.e. AT6.1-HA-MKK4 (8680±4174 cells) vs. AT6.1-Vector (19684±5842 cells) p=0.156]. C. Histologic appearance of microscopic metastases 21 dpi. Arrows denote foci of metastatic AT6.1-Vector and AT6.1-HA-MKK4 cells.