Table 3.
Dosea
Nonadherence (N = 3307) |
Scheduleb
Nonadherence (N = 3298) |
Instructionc Nonadherence (N = 2101) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) |
Gender | NS | ||
Male | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | |
Female | 1.55 (1.24-1.92) 1.36 (1.07-1.74) | 1.66 (1.40-1.97) 1.46 (1.20-1.76) | |
Transgender | 1.12 (0.47-2.68) 0.62 (0.21-1.80) | 1.26 (0.66-2.42) 0.99 (0.49-2.01) | |
Age (years) | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) 0.98 (0.96-0.99) | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) 0.98 (0.98-0.99) | 0.97 (0.96-0.98) 0.98 (0.97-0.99) |
Race/ethnicity | NS | ||
Black, non-Hispanic | 2.02 (1.58-2.60) 1.96 (1.48-2.59) | 1.93 (1.60-2.32) 1.56 (1.27-1.93) | |
Hispanic | 1.85 (1.38-2.47) 1.63 (1.18-2.24) | 2.03 (1.63-2.52) 1.59 (1.25-2.02) | |
White, non-Hispanic | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | |
Other | 1.61 (1.04-2.50) 1.55 (0.96-2.51) | 1.07 (0.75-1.54) 0.97 (0.66-1.41) | |
Education | NS | NS | |
< high school | Ref Ref | ||
≥ high school or equivalent | 0.64 (0.53-0.76) 0.78 (0.64-0.95) | ||
Homeless, past 12 months | |||
No | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | Ref Ref |
Yes | 1.71 (1.22-2.41) - | 1.69 (1.28-2.24) 1.43 (1.05-1.95) | 1.38 (0.98-1.94) - |
Public assistance, past 12 months | NS | ||
No | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | |
Yes | 1.46 (1.19-1.79) 1.31 (1.05-1.65) | 1.47 (1.26-1.72) 1.35 (1.14-1.60) | |
Feeling downhearted and depressed, past 4 weeks | |||
All of the time | 2.97 (1.94-4.56) 2.63 (1.64-4.22) | 1.27 (0.86-1.89) - | 1.81 (1.13-2.89) 1.61 (0.98-2.64) |
Most of the time | 1.86 (1.31-2.63) 1.81 (1.23-2.66) | 1.63 (1.24-2.14) - | 1.63 (1.15-2.30) 1.54 (1.07-2.22) |
Some of the time | 1.45 (1.11-1.89) 1.37 (1.02-1.83) | 1.35 (1.11-1.65) - | 1.56 (1.22-1.99) 1.51 (1.17-1.95) |
A little of the time | 1.19 (0.89-1.59) 1.20 (0.88-1.64) | 1.22 (0.99-1.51) - | 1.50 (1.16-1.94) 1.51 (1.15-1.98) |
None of the time | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | Ref Ref |
Crack use, past 12 months | |||
No | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | Ref Ref |
Yes | 2.19 (1.52-3.17) 1.66 (1.09-2.52) | 1.59 (1.15-2.20) - | 1.58 (1.04-2.40) - |
Amphetamine use, past 12 months | NS | NS | |
No | Ref Ref | ||
Yes | 1.50 (0.97-2.33) - | ||
Binge drinking, past 30 days | |||
No | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | Ref Ref |
Yes | 1.71 (1.32-2.23) 1.63 (1.21-2.20) | 1.45 (1.17-1.81) 1.55 (1.23-1.96) | 2.08 (1.60-2.72) 1.88 (1.41-2.49) |
Years since HIV diagnosis | 1.02 (1.00-1.03) 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | NS | 0.98 (0.97-1.00) - |
Number of ARV doses per day | 1.16 (1.10-1.23) 1.18 (1.10-1.25) | 1.13 (1.08-1.19) 1.16 (1.11-1.22) | NS |
Knew most recent HIV viral load test result | NS | ||
No | 1.41 (1.11-1.79) - | 1.86 (1.55-2.23) 1.48 (1.21-1.82) | |
Yes | Ref Ref | Ref Ref | |
Discussed resistance with provider, past 12 months | NS | NS | |
No | Ref Ref | ||
Yes | 1.43 (1.15-1.78) - |
Note: ART, antiretroviral therapy; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category; NS, not significant.
Dose nonadherence refers to not taking a dose or set of pills/spoonfuls/injections of ARV medications.
Schedule nonadherence refers to not following a specific schedule for ARV medication, such as “2 times a day” or “every 8 hours.”
Instruction nonadherence refers to not following special instructions for ARV medication, such as “take with food” or “take on an empty stomach.” Dietary instruction adherence is only calculated for those participants reporting having special instructions for their ARV medications.