Figure 1.

Inhibitory effects of GRE on radicals and LPO. DPPH radical scavenging effect was measured using a MeOH solution of DPPH (A), Superoxide radical scavenging effect was measured using the solutions of nitroblue tetrazolium (600 µM), xanthine (100 mM), and xanthine oxidase (0.1 unit/mL) in a 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (B). Nitric oxide radical was done using sodium nitroprusside in phosphate buffer saline (C) and LPO was done using rat brain homogenates, which were incubated TCA and TBA after adding FeSO4 (D). All assays measured opitical density by spectrophotometer. All values are percent inhibition compared to control and expressed by mean ± SD. Asterisks (*) represent statistical differences from control: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 when comparing with control by Student's unpaired 2-tailed t-test. High quality figures are available online.