Total pulmonary resistance (RL) during different levels of methacholine challenge (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 25 and 50 mg ml−1) in vehicle (VEH)- and high dose sarin (SH)-exposed rats (2 h after exposure). Baseline RL was not different between VEH and SH rats (see the variables after saline injection). RL responses to higher dose of methacholine (12, 25 and 50 mg ml−1) were significantly greater in the SH than VEH rats. Mean ± SE; n = 5 for each group. * P < 0.05, compared with saline; † P < 0.05, between SH and VEH group.