Table 2. PTF toxicity (LD₅₀) on C. pipiens and A. gambiae larvae from OP-susceptible and OP-resistant strains.

	LD50 a						RLD50 b
PTF	Slabc	SRc	Ducosc	F1 (SR×Slab)	Kisumud	Acerkisd	Slab/SR	Slab/Ducos	Acerkis
3	310.0	143.0	162.1	151.3	109.7	86.6	2.17	1.90	1.27
	(238.8–512.3)	(109.8–192.1)	(140.3–188.8)	(135.1–169.6)	(100.3–121.9)	(76.2–98.3)
10	300.0	206.0	232.8	207.1	388.3	50.6	1.46	1.30	7.67
	(227.9–608.3)	(162.8–280.7)	(186.8–320.2)	(175.4–254.1)	(278.5–748.9)	(29.0–71.4)
20	762.0	194.0	NA e	NA e	NA e	NA e	3.93	−	−
	(305.7–1.1×107)	(132.2–405.2)
25	160.8	70.1	130.8	60.0	46.1	12.6	2.29	1.20	3.64
	(130.2–208.3)	(60.6–79.7)	(114.3–150.3)	(53.3–67.5)	(14.4–73.0)	(0.0–32.4)
29	946.0	398.8	409.0	105.1	164.4	67.7	2.37	2.30	2.43
	(517.2–4.3×107)	(315.4–616.3)	(301.8–722.3)	(91.9–119.6)	(137.1–200.3)	(41.1–93.8)
39	576.0	200.0	201.9	110.0	NA e	NA e	2.88	2.90	−
	(350.1–3.7×106)	(156.8–261.6)	(174.2–236.7)	(97.3–124.3)
Propoxur	1.6	2.1×103	56.7	2.3	0.1	689.6	7.5×10−4	2.8×10−2	1.9×10−4
	(0.2–13.4)	(1.9–2.7×103)	(18.2–205.5)	(5.8×10−2–9.4×103)	(0.08–0.36)	(577.3–781.4)
Chlorpyrifos	1.9×10−4	2.1×10−2	2.2×10−3	1.5×10−3	9.5×10−4	0.6	9×10−3	8.6×10−2	1.6×10−3
	(0.6–8.9)×10−4	(0.6–7.2) ×10−2	(1.9–2.5) ×10−3	(0.8–2.2) ×10−3	(0.7–3.3) ×10−3	(2.9–0.2)

^aFour to five replicates were performed for each bioassay. LD₅₀ is expressed in µM. 95% confidence intervals are indicated into parentheses.

^bRatio of LD₅₀ for OP-susceptible to LD₅₀ for OP-resistant strains.

^c Culex pipiens strains: Slab, OP-susceptible ace-1^S/S; SR, OP-resistant ace-1^R/R; Ducos, OP-resistant ace-1^D (duplication).

^d Anopheles gambiae strains: Kisumu, OP-susceptible ace-1^S/S; Acerkis, OP-resistant ace-1^R/R.

^eNA: not analyzed.