(A) Ear skin samples harvested 6 hours after topical application of DNFB, BAC, or vehicle alone were analyzed for global gene expression profiles. The heat map was created from three independent skin samples/group to show the genes that were significantly (>2-fold, P < 0.05, n = 3) upregulated in the skin painted with DNFB (but not BAC), as compared to the steady-state levels observed in vehicle-painted skin. Redox regulatory genes are indicated in red. (B) The same skin samples were analyzed for mRNA expression of the indicated redox regulatory genes by quantitative RT-PCR. Data shown are relative expression levels (means ± SD, 3 mice/group) compared to the baseline observed in vehicle-painted skin. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. (C) XS106 DCs were incubated with DNFB at 4 µM (triangles) or 8 µM (circles) for the indicated periods and examined for mRNA expression of the indicated genes by quantitative RT-PCR. Data shown are relative expression levels (means ± SD, triplicate cultures/group) compared to the baseline observed in control samples treated with vehicle alone. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.