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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2012 Sep 13;16(4):420–434. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.017

Table I.

Multiple S1P receptors in different cell types regulate various biological processes that have an impact in metabolic diseases. Some relevant examples from preclinical models are summarized.

Cell Types in
which S1P
receptors
function		 S1P
receptor
subtype		 Biological
Process
regulated by
S1P receptors		 Potential
Pathophysiological
consequence in
metabolic diseases		 Reference
T cells S1P1R Lymphocyte egress, phenotype switching Immune response, inflammation Liu, G (2010)
Cyster/ Schwab (2011)
B cells S1P2R Germinal center architecture Humoral Immune response Green, JA (2011)
Macrophages S1P1R Anti-inflammatory M2-like response Innate immune response Hughes, JE (2008)
Monocyte/macrophages S1P2R Monocyte trafficking/retention in tissues Enhanced atherosclerosis/inflammation Skoura, A (2011)
Endothelial cells S1P1R, S1P3R Adherens junction assembly, NO production Normal vasomotor control, enhanced barrier function Lee, MJ (2009)
Nofer, JR (2004)
Endothelial cells S1P2R Adherens Junction disassembly, Vascular inflammation Sanchez, T (2007)
Skoura, A (2007)
Vascular smooth muscle cells S1P3R, S1P2R vasoconstriction hypertension Salomone, S (2003)
Murakami, A. (2010)
Pancreatic β-cells S1P1R Insulin secretion, islet survival Normal glucose homeostasis Laychock, SG (2006)
Fukuhara, S (2012)