Figure 1.
Multiple stimuli increase (indicated by +) or decrease (indicated by −) PGC-1α expression. PGC-1α coactivates PPAR and ERR transcription factors and thereby regulates the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid import and oxidation. In addition, PGC-1α regulates the expression of nuclear encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits via coactivation of ERRs, NRF-1 and NRF-2. NRF-1 and NRF-2 also bind to the promoter of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAm) and coordinates the transcription of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome.