Table 3. Echocardiographic data from experimental groups.

Parameter	Control	TNF	TNF +LOS
IVSD (mm)	1.37±0.001	1.68±0.06	1.33±0.06
IVSS mm)	2.31±0.08	2.48±0.07	2.37±0.1
LVD (mm)	7.27±0.06	7.97±0.06*	7.34±0.1$
LVS (mm)	5.19±0.10	5.74±0.16*	5.27±0.1 $
PWD(mm)	1.29±0.02	1.42±0.04	1.34±0.1
PWS (mm)	2.18±0.026	2.24±0.09	2.27±0.04
FS%	36.86±0.72	26.85±0.45*	35.88±0.7$
HR	332.25±3.2	329.40±4.1	333.75±4.9
TEI	0.27±0.01	0.38±0.04*	0.29±0.003$

Echocardiographic analysis revealed that both left ventricular diastolic (LVD) and systolic (LVS) dimensions were significantly greater in TNF treated animals. TNF treatment also decreased fractional shortening (FS) and increased Tei index when compared to controls. Co treatment of TNF treated rats with losartan prevented these changes. IVSD, intraventricular septal thickness at end diastole; IVSS, intraventricular septal thickness at end systole; PWD, posterior wall thickness at end diastole; PWS, posterior wall thickness at end systole; HR, heart rate. Values are expressed as means ± SEM.

^*p<0.05 vs. control;

$ p<0.05 vs.TN.