Figure 4. Frequency distribution of the potential economic impact of pest invasion in three scenarios of model A in a case study based on Diabrotica virgifera virgifera.

The potential economic impact is quantified by accumulating the asset value in invaded cells in 2010. These three figures correspond to (A) best case scenario, (B) worst case scenario (C) random case scenario. Spread model A is based on logistic increase (r = 0.33 yr⁻¹) in the number of invaded cells on the map.