Table 2.
Demographics and Clinical Features of ET cases vs. Controls
| ET Cases (n =60) | Controls (n=35) | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (years) | 68.8 ± 12.1 | 64.8 ± 10.3 | t-test = 1.62, p = 0.11 |
|
| |||
| Women | 31 (51.7) | 26 (74.3) | Χ2 = 4.71, p = 0.03 |
|
| |||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 59 (98.3) | 32 (91.4) | Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.14 |
| Non-Caucasian | 1 (1.7) | 3 (8.6) | |
|
| |||
| Education | |||
| Bachelor’s degree or less | 31 (52.5) | 14 (40.0) | Χ2 = 1.39, p = 0.24 |
| Master’s degree or higher | 28 (47.5) | 21 (60.0) | |
|
| |||
| Spiral score1 | 4.9 ± 3.3 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | t-test = 8.30, p < 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Duration of tremor (years) | 27.3 ± 18.3 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
|
| |||
| Current number of ET medications | 1.2 ± 0.9 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus2 | |||
| Yes | 8 (13.3) | 3 (8.8) | Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.74 |
| No | 52 (86.7) | 31 (91.2) | |
|
| |||
| Hypertension or Hyperlipidemia2 | |||
| Yes | 28 (46.7) | 16 (47.1) | Χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.97 |
| No | 32 (53.3) | 18 (52.9) | |
|
| |||
| Cancer2 | |||
| Yes | 7 (11.7) | 6 (17.6) | Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.54 |
| No | 53 (88.3) | 28 (82.4) | |
|
| |||
| Heart disease2 | |||
| Yes | 9 (15.0) | 3 (8.8) | Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.53 |
| No | 51 (85.0) | 31 (91.2) | |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoker | |||
| Ever | 41 (69.5) | 18 (51.4) | Χ2 = 2.20, p = 0.14 |
| Never | 19 (31.7) | 16 (47.1) | |
|
| |||
| Total HA score | 14.8 ± 7.6 | 12.4 ± 5.3 | t-test = 1.70, p = 0.09 |
|
| |||
| Total NS score | 13.8 ± 5.4 | 11.8 ± 4.9 | t-test = 1.73, p = 0.09 |
|
| |||
| Total RD score | 18.9 ± 4.5 | 18.5 ± 4.4 | t-test = 0.41, p = 0.68 |
|
| |||
| HA1 subscore (Anticipatory Worry & Pessimism) | 4.1 ± 2.5 Median 4.0 |
2.9 ± 2.0 Median 2.5 |
Mann-Whitney test = 2.10, p= 0.04 |
|
| |||
| HA2 subscore (Fear of Uncertainty) | 4.2 ± 1.9 Median 4.0 |
4.0 ± 1.5 Median 4.0 |
Mann-Whitney test = 0.65, p= 0.51 |
|
| |||
| HA3 subscore (Shyness with Strangers | 2.9 ± 2.5 Median 3.0 |
2.9 ± 1.9 Median 3.0 |
Mann-Whitney test = 0.23, p= 0.82 |
|
| |||
| HA4 subscore (Fatigability & Asthenia) | 3.7 ± 2.8 Median 4.0 |
2.2 ± 2.2 Median 1.0 |
Mann-Whitney test = 2.51 p = 0.01 |
All values are mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage) unless otherwise specified.
In some cells, missing data resulted in fewer than 60 cases and 35 controls.
1
Possible range = 0 – 12.
2
Past or present, history obtained by questionnaire.