Table 4.
Estimated Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of Single and Polydrug Use by Driver and Crash Characteristics for Fatally Injured Drivers who Died Within One Hour of the Crash, Selected States, United States, 2005–2009
| Characteristic | Positive for One Druga |
Positive for Two or More Drugsa |
Positive in Total |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI) | |
| Age (in years) | |||
| <25 | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | 0.69 (0.64–0.73) | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) |
| 25-34 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 35-44 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| 45-54 | 0.93 ( 0.89–0.97) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |
| 55-64 | 0.71(0.67–0.76) | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | 0.75 (0.71–0.79) |
| ≥ 65 | 0.51 (0.47–0.55) | 0.27 (0.24–0.32) | 0.45 (0.42–0.49) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 0.79 (0.76–0.82) | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) |
| Male | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Race | |||
| White | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Black | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) |
| Asian | 0.56 (0.49–0.64) | 0.25 (0.18–0.35) | 0.47 (0.41–0.53) |
| Native American | 1.30 (1.16–1.46) | 1.53 (1.31–1.78) | 1.33 (1.20–1.48) |
| Other | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 0.64 (0.43–0.93) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) |
| Unknown | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) | 0.73 (0.62–0.87) | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 0.73 (0.67–0.79) | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) |
| Non-Hispanic | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Unknown | 1.02 (0.94–1.13) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) |
| Driver Type | |||
| Motor carrier | 0.40 (0.34–0.48) | 0.24 (0.18–0.33) | 0.41 (0.34–0.48) |
| Non-motor carrier | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Number of Vehicles Involved | |||
| 1 | 1.68 (1.61–1.75) | 2.36 (2.19–2.54) | 1.69 (1.62–1.76) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| DWI conviction within the prior 3 years | |||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.38–1.49) | 1.81 (1.70–1.93) | 1.41 (1.35–1.47) |
| Crash within the prior 3 years | |||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | 1.11 (1.08–1.15) |
| Day of Crash | |||
| Friday-Sunday | 1.15 (1.12–1.18) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) |
| Monday-Thursday | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Time of Crash | |||
| Day (7:00 am and 6:59 pm) |
1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Night (7:00 pm and 6:59 am) |
1.67 (1.62–1.73) | 1.76 (1.67–1.85) | 1.43 (1.39–1.47) |
| Year of Crash | |||
| 2005 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 2006 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) |
| 2007 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) |
| 2008 | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| 2009 | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) |
| Death Location | |||
| At scene | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| En route | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 1.06 (0.85–1.13) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) |
| Other | 0.91 (0.89–0.94) | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.93 (0.90–0.95) |
a
Alcohol is treated as a drug.