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. 2001 Jun 5;98(13):7380–7383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.111455498

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Phylogenetic relationships among recent and fossil amphibians. (a) Temnospondyli as sister group of Lissamphibia (Gymnophiona basal to Caudata and Anura) (13, 40). (b) Lepospondyli (including microsauria and Nectridea) as sister group of Lissamphibia (14, 16). (c) Temnospondyli as sister group of Lissamphibia (Anura basal to Gymnophiona and Caudata) (12). (d) Lissamphibia are not monophyletic. Gymnophiona and Caudata are related to Microsauria, whereas the Anura are related to Temnospondyli (20). (e) Phylogenetic relationships of the living orders of amphibia based on nuclear and mitochondrial rRNA data. Gymnophiona is the sister group of Caudata to the exclusion of Anura (15, 25, 26).