Table 1.
Distribution of Covariates Stratified by Normal Weight Status
| ARIC | CARDIA | CHS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| Mean (SD) or No. (%) | Normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P* | Normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P | Normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P |
| Participant Number (%) | 108 (8.7) | 1132 (91.3) | 28 (10.2) | 246 (89.8) | 37 (20.6) | 143 (79.4) | |||
| Age (y) | 59.8 (6.1) | 59.1 (5.9) | 0.23 | 39.4 (6.4) | 41.0 (5.8) | 0.16 | 78.6 (5.6) | 75.1 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Non-white race (%) | 34 (31.5) | 384 (33.9) | 0.61 | 14 (50.0) | 164 (66.7) | 0.08 | 5 (13.5) | 25 (17.5) | 0.56 |
| Gender (% Female) | 51 (47.2) | 584 (51.6) | 0.38 | 14 (50.0) | 139 (56.5) | 0.51 | 20(54.1) | 79 (55.2) | 0.90 |
| Education (% < High School) | 21 (19.4) | 316 (28.0) | 0.06 | 3 (10.7) | 26 (10.6) | >.99 | 16 (43.2) | 43 (30.1) | 0.13 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.1 (19.3) | 128.9 (18.5) | 0.14 | 111.6 (13.3) | 121.4 (16.5) | 0.003 | 133.7 (20.3) | 134.4 (20.0) | 0.85 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.0 (11.1) | 73.9 (10.4) | 0.07 | 71.8 (10.8) | 79.2 (12.0) | 0.002 | 67.6 (9.9) | 70.1 (11.6) | 0.24 |
| Hypertension (%)† | 51 (47.2) | 671 (59.3) | 0.02 | 6 (21.4) | 112 (45.5) | 0.01 | 19 (51.4) | 92 (64.3) | 0.15 |
| Ever smoking (%) | 69 (63.9) | 704 (62.5) | 0.77 | 15 (55.6) | 100 (41.2) | 0.15 | 24 (68.6) | 82 (58.6) | 0.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 (1.6) | 32.8 (5.7) | <.001 | 22.4 (1.8) | 37.0 (7.7) | <.001 | 22.8 (1.5) | 31.1 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Waist circ (cm) | 90.4 (9.4) | 111.1 (13.3) | <.001 | 77.6 (7.0) | 109.0 (16.7) | <.001 | 90.3 (9.1) | 108.5 (16.9) | <.001 |
| Total chol (mg/dL) | 205.5 (49.8) | 208.8 (42.3) | 0.51 | 180.4 (50.6) | 188.7 (38.9) | 0.42 | 200.0 (51.6) | 204.2 (41.8) | 0.61 |
| HDL chol (mg/dL) | 45.5 (13.2) | 42.7 (13.0) | 0.03 | 58.3 (26.8) | 42.7 (11.4) | 0.006 | 51.7 (11.2) | 47.9 (11.6) | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)‡ | 126.9 (69.9) | 152.4 (104.9) | <.001 | 90.0 (83.0) | 121.5 (109.0) | 0.005 | 118.0 (122.0) | 159.0 (122.0) | 0.02 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 131.0 (45.2) | 130.8 (37.0) | 0.96 | 97.2 (40.3) | 114.7 (34.5) | 0.02 | 122.1 (38.0) | 122.9 (32.1) | 0.89 |
| FOS | MESA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P* | Normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P | |
| Mean (SD) or No. (%) | 48 (10.4) | 413 (89.6) | 72 (15.3) | 398 (84.7) | ||
| Age (y) | 59.5 (10.7) | 58.5 (9.0) | 0.47 | 68.9 (10.0) | 63.6 (9.5) | <.001 |
| Non-white race (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | 54 (75.0) | 274 (68.8) | 0.30 |
| Gender (% Female) | 22 (45.8) | 174 (42.1) | 0.62 | 44 (61.1) | 202 (50.8) | 0.11 |
| Education (% < High School) | 5 (12.8) | 36 (10.5) | 0.59 | 22 (30.6) | 76 (19.1) | 0.03 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.8 (21.9) | 136.3 (18.8) | 0.03 | 123.9 (21.3) | 126.8 (19.8) | 0.26 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.0 (10.2) | 79.4 (12.1) | 0.06 | 68.1 (10.4) | 71.5 (10.6) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension (%)† | 25 (52.1) | 285 (69.0) | 0.02 | 43 (59.7) | 272 (68.3) | 0.15 |
| Ever smoking (%) | 38 (79.2) | 290 (70.2) | 0.20 | 31 (43.1) | 234 (59.5) | 0.009 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 (1.7) | 32.6 (5.5) | <.001 | 23.2 (1.5) | 33.0 (5.8) | <.001 |
| Waist circ (cm) | 88.3 (10.5) | 109.7 (12.8) | <.001 | 87.5 (6.7) | 109.7 (14.2) | <.001 |
| Total chol (mg/dL) | 194.2 (46.0) | 209.8 (39.5) | 0.01 | 182.9 (43.3) | 182.6 (35.7) | 0.96 |
| HDL chol (mg/dL) | 45.6 (16.8) | 40.6 (11.9) | 0.05 | 52.7 (15.7) | 46.5 (12.4) | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)‡ | 136.5 (112.0) | 181.0 (135.5) | 0.001 | 108.0 (83.0) | 131.0 (103.0) | 0.002 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.1 (37.8) | 142.1 (36.3) | 0.01 | 106.2 (33.8) | 104.8 (31.2) | 0.73 |
*
P value based on t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables
†
Systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 or reported use of anti-hypertensive medications
‡
Triglycerides are presented as median and interquartile range; statistical significance is determined using a Wilcoxin rank sum test