Table 2.
Association between weight status at the time of diabetes incidence and mortality
| Total Mortality | Cardiovascular Mortality | Non-Cardiovascular Mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Weight Status at time of Diabetes Incidence | Overweight/ Obese (BMI≥ 25 kg/m2) | Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI≥ 25 kg/m2) | Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) | Overweight/ Obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) | Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 – 24.99 kg/m2) |
| Full Sample | ||||||
| N | 2332 | 293 | 2086 | 265 | 2163 | 266 |
| N Events | 371 | 78 | 149 | 24 | 202 | 51 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 152.1 | 284.8 | 67.8 | 99.8 | 87.9 | 198.1 |
| Pooled analysis * | ||||||
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.70 (1.33, 2.18) | 1 (Referent) | 1.31 (0.85, 2.02) | 1 (Referent) | 2.03 (1.49, 2.77) |
| Multivariable Model 1† | 1 (Referent) | 1.49 (1.15, 1.93) | 1 (Referent) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.66) | 1 (Referent) | 1.79 (1.30, 2.47) |
| Multivariable Model 2‡ | 1 (Referent) | 2.08 (1.52, 2.85) | 1 (Referent) | 1.52 (0.89, 2.58) | 1 (Referent) | 2.32 (1.55, 3.48) |
| Meta-analysis § | ||||||
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.72 (1.33, 2.21) | 1 (Referent) | 1.24 (0.78, 1.97) | 1 (Referent) | 1.97 (1.40, 2.76) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | 1.54 (1.18, 2.02) | 1 (Referent) | 0.98 (0.59, 1.64) | 1 (Referent) | 1.78 (1.25, 2.55) |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | 2.01 (1.44, 2.81) | 1 (Referent) | 1.29 (0.71, 2.33) | 1 (Referent) | 2.18 (1.39, 3.42) |
| Cohort-Specific | ||||||
| ARIC | ||||||
| N | 1132 | 108 | 1132 | 108 | 1060 | 102 |
| N Events | 129 | 16 | 66 | 5 | 57 | 10 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 95.6 | 121.2 | 49.2 | 38.1 | 44.3 | 78.6 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.23 (0.73, 2.07) | 1 (Referent) | 0.76 (0.31, 1.89) | 1 (Referent) | 1.73 (0.88, 3.39) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | 1.20 (0.71, 2.02) | 1 (Referent) | 0.74 (0.30, 1.84) | 1 (Referent) | 1.68 (0.85, 3.32) |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | 1.55 (0.86, 2.79) | 1 (Referent) | 0.99 (0.37, 2.62) | 1 (Referent) | 2.10 (0.96, 4.58) |
| CARDIA | -- | -- | ||||
| N | 246 | 28 | -- | -- | 237 | 28 |
| N Events | 14 | 4 | -- | -- | 5 | 4 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 60.9 | 131.7 | -- | -- | 22.4 | 131.7 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.96 (0.64, 6.00) | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | 5.48 (1.45, 20.71) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | -- | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | -- |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | -- | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | -- |
| CHS | ||||||
| N | 143 | 37 | 143 | 37 | 101 | 27 |
| N Events | 94 | 31 | 41 | 10 | 52 | 21 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 661.6 | 1230.9 | 289.0 | 397.1 | 451.8 | 995.9 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 2.01 (1.33, 3.02) | 1 (Referent) | 1.42 (0.71, 2.83) | 1 (Referent) | 2.43 (1.46, 4.05) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | 1.60 (1.05, 2.43) | 1 (Referent) | 1.04 (0.51, 2.14) | 1 (Referent) | 1.84 (1.08, 3.12) |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | 1.81 (1.08, 3.03) | 1 (Referent) | 1.26 (0.56, 2.87) | 1 (Referent) | 1.98 (1.02, 3.84) |
| FOS | ||||||
| N | 413 | 48 | 413 | 48 | 372 | 40 |
| N Events | 115 | 20 | 38 | 6 | 74 | 12 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 211.1 | 350.6 | 70.4 | 108.9 | 147.6 | 236.6 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.69 (1.05, 2.71) | 1 (Referent) | 1.56 (0.66, 3.69) | 1 (Referent) | 1.61 (0.87, 2.96) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | 1.82 (1.04, 3.16) | 1 (Referent) | 1.36 (0.41, 4.54) | 1 (Referent) | 1.80 (0.91, 3.56) |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | 3.26 (1.47, 7.21) | 1 (Referent) | 3.45 (0.57, 20.80) | 1 (Referent) | 2.89 (1.08, 7.78) |
| MESA | ||||||
| N | 398 | 72 | -- | -- | 393 | 69 |
| N Events | 19 | 7 | -- | -- | 14 | 4 |
| Event Rate (per 10,000 P–Y) | 109.0 | 239.6 | -- | -- | 80.9 | 142.5 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 2.25 (0.95, 5.36) | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | 1.80 (0.59, 5.47) |
| Multivariable Model 1 | 1 (Referent) | 1.79 (0.72, 4.41) | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | -- |
| Multivariable Model 2 | 1 (Referent) | 3.50 (1.06, 11.61) | -- | -- | 1 (Referent) | -- |
*
Pooled analysis: total mortality includes all cohorts (n=2,625); cardiovascular mortality includes ARIC, CHS, FOS and MESA (n=2,351); non-cardiovascular mortality includes all cohorts (n=2,429)
†
Multivariable model 1 includes statistical adjustment for age, race, gender and education
‡
Multivariable model 2 includes statistical adjustment for age, race, gender, education, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, SBP and smoking status (ever vs. never)
§
Fixed effects meta-analysis for total mortality includes ARIC, CHS, FOS and MESA; cardiovascular mortality includes ARIC, CHS and FOS; non-cardiovascular mortality includes ARIC, CHS and FOS