Figure 2. The inhibitory effect of endostar and its synergism with OXA is a consequence of reduced CXCR4 signaling.
(A–B) CXCR4 and housekeeping gene GAPDH mRNA expression were determined by RT-PCR. *p<0.05/**p<0.01/***p<0.001 versus control; # p<0.05/## p<0.01 versus their respective endostar; + p<0.05 versus OXA. (C–D) Western blots for CXCR4 and the house keeping protein α-tubulin of whole cell lysates of cells treated with endostar (100–400 µg/ml, 3 days), 25 µg/ml OXA (1 day) and their combination. *p<0.05/**p<0.01/***p<0.001 versus control; ## p<0.01 versus their respective endostar; + p<0.05/++ p<0.01 versus OXA. (E) Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showing cell surface and intracellular CXCR4 expression under control conditions and after endostar or OXA exposure. Scale bar, 50 µm (n≥3).