Fig. 4.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) transfected with HMGB1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids were treated with H₂O₂ with/without EP. In image panels (A, C, E) of HUVEC, duration after treatment with H₂O₂ and EP is indicated in minutes. HUVEC treated with H₂O₂ demonstrated HMGB1 translocation, as indicated by increased GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm (A). H₂O₂-induced HMGB1 translocation was inhibited when cells were treated with EP (C). HMGB1 translocation was not observed in untreated control cells (E). Resulting fluorescence intensities of images were quantified and graphed (B, D, F). Each data point within the graphs represents an average of 5 separate experiments. Trend lines demonstrate the nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation rate of HMGB1-GFP when cells were treated with H₂O₂ (B), an effect inhibited by EP (D). *P < 0.05 vs. baseline; n = 5.