Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the cases and the controls.

		AKY (Discovery)		BBJ (Validation 1)		BBJ2 (Validation 2)
			(%)		(%)		(%)
Controls
	Number of samples	749		5236		1045
	Mean age [s.d.]	68.6	[7.5]	68.4	[10.3]	70.8	[6.8]
	Serum PSA level	N/A		N/A
	PSA≤1					433	(41.4)
	PSA1–10					575	(55.0)
	PSA≥10					37	( 3.5 )
Cases
	Number of samples	689		2950		344
	Mean age [s.d.]	67.8	[7.1]	74.0	[7.0]	71.3	[6.7]
	Serum PSA level
	PSA≤10	362	(52.5)	513	(17.4)	211	(61.3)
	PSA10–20	150	(21.8)	271	(9.2)	60	(17.4)
	PSA≥20	155	(22.5)	400	(13.6)	73	(21.2)
	Missing data	22	(3.2)	1766	(59.9)	0	(0.0)
	Tumor stage					N/A
	T0	7	(1.0)	6	(0.2)
	T1	226	(32.8)	224	(7.6)
	T2	225	(32.7)	345	(11.7)
	T3	133	(19.3)	200	(6.8)
	T4	14	(2.0)	32	(1.1)
	Missing data	84	(12.2)	2143	(72.6)
	Nodal stage					N/A
	N0	590	(85.6)	742	(25.2)
	N1	25	(3.6)	30	(1.0)
	Missing data	74	(10.7)	2178	(73.8)
	Metastasis data					N/A
	M0	585	(84.9)	727	(24.6)
	M1	56	(8.1)	43	(1.5)
	Missing data	48	(7.0)	2180	(73.9)
	Clinical stage			N/A		N/A
	A	3	(0.4)
	B	458	(66.5)
	C	120	(17.4)
	D	95	(13.8)
	Missing data	13	(1.9)
	Gleason score					N/A
	GS≤6	138	(20.0)	755	(25.6)
	GS7	238	(34.5)	622	(21.0)
	GS≥8	152	(22.1)	114	(3.9)
	Missing data	161	(23.4)	1459	(49.5)
	High risk PC*	302	(43.8)	N/A		N/A
	Non-high risk PC	280	(40.6)
	Missing data	107	(15.5)

AKY: Akita-Kyoto cohort, BBJ: Biobank Japan cohort, BBJ2: Biobank Japan cohort 2.

^*High risk PC fulfills either of the following criteria; PSA≥20, or Gleason Score≥8, or clinical stage≥C.