Table 3.

Mean kinematics for the kneeling activity in the three axial planes of the elderly group

Motion	n	Maximum angle (°)	Minimum angle (°)	ROM (°)
FL/EX
Ankle	12	41.9±15.2	4.4±11.5	37.6±12.0
Knee	17	146.1±10.4	5.3±9.4	140.9±6.2
Hip	16	110.5±26.1	10.0±14.3	100.5±19.7
AB/AD
Ankle	13	8.3±13.1	−2.6±10.9	10.9±5.1
Knee	12	7.6±6.0	−1.5±3.7	9.1±4.4
Hip	13	14.7±11.4	−2.7±7.1	17.4±10.4
ER/IR
Ankle	16	6.5±5.9	−2.1±4.1	8.5±5.3
Knee	13	20.1±7.4	−3.2±3.1	23.3±6.9
Hip	14	20.2±7.8	−8.0±7.3	28.2±9.3

Data are expressed as mean±SD. FL/EX: flexion/extension; AB/AD: abduction/adduction; ER/IR: external rotation/internal rotation; ROM: range of motion