Table 1.

Summary of fMRI Studies of Connectivity with Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia^*

Study	Subjects	Pharmacological Intervention and Design	Task and Analysis Method	Main Findings
Abbott et al. (2011) [112]	79 chronic schizophrenia patients, 114 healthy control subjects.	7 treated with FGAsa; 72 treated with SGAsb. Cross-sectional.	Auditory-motor task. Independent component analysis (beta-weights of regression to task).	Task-modulation of task and default mode networks decreased in FGAb- compared to SGAa-treated patients and with higher doses.
Lui et al. (2010) [102]	34 antipsychotic--naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients, 34 healthy control subjects.	SGAb treatment. Longitudinal: scanned before and after 6 weeks treatment.	Resting-state. Seed-voxel correlation and independent component analysis.	Fronto-temporal hyperconnectivity in patients compared to control subjects at baseline; normalised after treatment. No change in default mode network connectivity which was increased at baseline in patients compared to controls.
Sambataro et al. (2010) [110]	17 schizophrenia patients (13 medication-naïve and 6 medication-free), 19 healthy control subjects.	Olanzapine monotherapy. Longitudinal: scanned at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment.	N-back working memory task. Independent component analysis.	Default mode connectivity increased in precuneus and inferior parietal lobe, and decreased in posterior cingulate cortex in patients compared to controls. Increased connectivity with treatment of the medial prefrontal cortex to the default mode network in patients.
Schlosser et al. (2003) [93]	12 chronic schizophrenia patients, 6 healthy control subjects.	6 SGAb-treated (5 with olanzapine, 1 with quetiapine); 6 FGAa-treated with haloperidol. Cross-sectional.	N-back working memory task. Structural equation modelling of cerebello-subcortico-cortical effective connectivity.	Schizophrenia patients displayed decreased prefronto-cerebelllar and cerebello-thalamus connectivity, and increased thalamo-prefrontal connectivity compared to controls. Dysconnectivity more pronounced in FGAa-treated compared to SGAb-treated patients. Increased connectivity from left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to left parietal cortex and between ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients treated with FGAa compared to SGAb-treated patients.
Stephan et al. (2001) [92]	6 patients medication-free (4 drug-naïve; 2 previously FGAa-treated), 6 healthy control subjects.	Olanzapine monotherapy. Longitudinal: scanned before and after 3 weeks treatment.	Finger-tapping task. Seed-voxel correlation analysis.	Decreased cerebellar connectivity with mediodorsal thalamus and increased cerebellar connectivity with lateral and medial prefrontal cortex after treatment. Tendency for connectivity to normalise after treatment.

^*Studies were selected if they: i) included a psychosis patient sample, ii) investigated antipsychotic treatment effects, iii) with fMRI, and iv) analysed imaging data with functional or effective connectivity methods.

^aFGAs = first generation antipsychotics

^bSGAs = second generation antipsychotics