Table 2.

Summary of Findings Regarding the Effect of Talker, Rate, and Amplitude Variability on Speech Perception and Memory for Spoken Words

Source of Variation	Word Identification	Serial Recall		Recognition Memory
		Short ISIs	Long ISIs	Item	Attribute
Talker	Single > Multi1,2	Single > Multi3,4,5	Multi > Single4,5	Same > Different6,7	Yes6,7
Rate	Single > Multi2	Single > Multi5	Multi = Single5	Same > Different7	Yes7
Amplitude	Single = Multi2	Single = Multi5	Multi = Single5	Same = Different7	Yes7

¹Mullennix et al., 1989

²Sommers et al., 1994

³Martin et al., 1989

⁴Goldinger et al., 1991

⁵Nygaard et al., 1995

⁶Palmeri et al., 1993

⁷Present study; ISI, interstimulus interval.