Table 1.
Characteristics of deceased TB-HIV coinfected patients, Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Northern Thailand, 2005–2008
| Characteristics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Total number | 331 | 100 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 219 | 66.2 |
| Female | 112 | 33.8 |
| Age (years) | ||
| <45 | 263 | 79.5 |
| ≥45 | 68 | 20.5 |
| Median | 35 | |
| Range | 30–42 | |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Thai | 297 | 89.7 |
| Non-Thai$ | 34 | 10.3 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 146 | 44.5 |
| Single | 87 | 26.5 |
| Widowed/divorced | 95 | 29.0 |
| Education | ||
| Uneducated | 24 | 10.2 |
| Primary | 150 | 63.8 |
| Secondary | 55 | 23.4 |
| Higher than secondary | 6 | 2.6 |
| Occupation | ||
| Casual laborer | 140 | 43.8 |
| Farmer | 84 | 26.3 |
| Household worker | 36 | 11.3 |
| Prisoner | 16 | 5.0 |
| Business owner | 13 | 4.1 |
| Government employee | 6 | 1.9 |
| Other | 6 | 1.9 |
| Unemployed | 19 | 5.9 |
| TB-related information | ||
| Site of TB | ||
| Pulmonary TB | 134 | 40.5 |
| Extrapulmonary with pulmonary TB | 64 | 19.3 |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 133 | 40.2 |
| Location/type of extrapulmonary TB | 197 | |
| Meningeal | 60 | 30.5 |
| Lymphatic | 41 | 20.8 |
| Intestinal | 38 | 19.3 |
| Disseminated | 36 | 18.3 |
| Pleural | 12 | 6.1 |
| Bone | 4 | 2.0 |
| Liver | 4 | 2.0 |
| Pericardial | 1 | 0.5 |
| Cutaneous | 1 | 0.5 |
| TB treatment regimen | ||
| CAT-1 regimen | 301 | 91.0 |
| Non-CAT-1 regimens | 30 | 9.0 |
| Tuberculosis diagnosis reconfirmation* | ||
| Definite | 102 | 30.8 |
| Probable | 46 | 13.9 |
| Presumptive | 165 | 49.9 |
| NTM | 18 | 5.4 |
| MDR TB | ||
| Yes | 7 | 2.1 |
| No | 324 | 97.9 |
| HIV-related information | ||
| Time of HIV diagnosis | ||
| Known before TB treatment | 219 | 66.2 |
| Not known before TB treatment | 112 | 33.8 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||
| CD4 count < 200 | 205 | 61.93 |
| CD4 count ≥ 200 | 23 | 6.95 |
| Unknown | 103 | 31.12 |
| Median CD4 count | 37 | |
| Range | 14–124 | |
| ART status | ||
| Received after TB diagnosis | 35 | 10.6 |
| Received before TB diagnosis | 73 | 22.1 |
| Not received | 223 | 67.4 |
| ART regimen (last regimen during TB treatment) | 108 | |
| NVP base | 77 | 71.3 |
| EFV base | 24 | 22.2 |
| PI base | 4 | 3.7 |
| Other | 1 | 1.0 |
| Unknown | 2 | 1.8 |
| Preventive cotrimoxazole therapy | ||
| Yes | 224 | 67.7 |
| No | 107 | 32.3 |
| Preventive fluconazole therapy | ||
| Yes | 175 | 52.9 |
| No | 156 | 47.1 |
| Time of death after start of TB treatment | ||
| Within 30 days | 121 | 36.56 |
| Later than 30 days | 210 | 63.44 |
Notes: Definitive: evidence for TB diagnosis from both positive smear for acid-fast bacilli and culture growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Probable: evidence for TB diagnosis from positive smear for acid-fast bacilli but no culture confirmation. Presumptive: neither smear acid-fast bacilli positive nor culture confirmation.
TB diagnosis was reconfirmed by two physicians;
Non-Thai means migrants from Laos and Myanmar and hill tribes.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacterium; MDR TB, multidrug resistant tuberculosis; TAD, treatment after default; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; PI, protease inhibitor; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CAT-1, World Health Organization standard category 1 TB treatment regimen (2HRZE/4HR).