Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of the effect of case (child with unilateral hearing loss) or control (sibling with normal hearing) status and other potential confounders on Oral and Written Language (OWLS) scores in 148 children aged 6-12 years.
| Listening comprehension Mean (SD) |
Oral expression Mean (SD) |
Oral composite Mean (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Unilateral hearing loss | *** | ** | *** |
| No (control) | 97.2 (14.1) | 99.8 (19.4) | 98.2 (16.2) |
| Yes (case) | 91.3 (10.8) | 93.6 (16.0) | 90.7 (13.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | **** | *** | |
| White | 95.3 (13.0) | 99.8 (16.5) | 96.6 (14.7) |
| Black | 91.1 (10.5) | 81.2 (17.8) | 84.8 (13.1) |
| Other | 88.8 (13.2) | 89.8 (19.5) | 88.3 (16.4) |
| Sex | * | ||
| Male | 94.1 (13.4) | 93.8 (19.0) | 92.6 (16.1) |
| Female | 94.4 (12.3) | 99.9 (16.3) | 96.5 (14.0) |
| Percent of federal poverty level | *** | *** | |
| <100% | 93.3 (7.6) | 88.6 (12.1) | 87.0 (12.6) |
| 100-200% | 91.2 (13.7) | 84.5 (20.0) | 86.9 (16.2) |
| >200% | 94.8 (13.4) | 99.5 (17.6) | 96.5 (14.9) |
| Hearing loss severity (worse ear) | |||
| None | 97.1 (14.2) | 99.5 (19.4) | 98.0 (16.2) |
| Mild | 89.4 (6.1) | 94.8 (12.3) | 91.2 (8.2) |
| Moderate | 89.9 (11.3) | 100.0 (21.3) | 90.9 (20.1) |
| Severe | 93.3 (8.4) | 92.8 (11.1) | 91.5 (8.1) |
| Profound | 91.8 (11.7) | 92.2 (15.7) | 90.9 (12.5) |
| Side of hearing loss | |||
| Right | 91.6 (11.4) | 93.8 (14.3) | 90.4 (13.0) |
| Left | 90.9 (10.0) | 93.4 (18.4) | 91.1 (13.8) |
| History of recurrent otitis media | |||
| No | 93.7 (12.5) | 95.7 (17.8) | 93.4 (14.7) |
| Yes | 95.9 (13.7) | 99.5 (18.4) | 97.2 (16.2) |
| History of head trauma | |||
| No | 94.0 (12.9) | 96.5 (18.1) | 94.6 (14.8) |
| Yes | 95.8 (12.6) | 98.0 (17.6) | 93.3 (18.4) |
| Premature birth | |||
| No | 94.3 (13.4) | 96.0 (18.5) | 94.4 (15.2) |
| Yes | 94.3 (8.8) | 101.6 (13.8) | 94.6 (15.8) |
*
P value <0.10
**
P value <0.05
***
P value <0.01
****
P value < 0.001