Table 2. LINE-1 DNA methylation according to background characteristics of 568 school-age children from Bogotá, Colombia.
| LINE-1 DNA Methylation (%5mC)2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
N1 |
All |
N1 |
Males |
N1 |
Females |
| Overall |
568 |
80.25 (0.65) |
|
|
|
|
| Child's sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| F |
305 |
80.15 (0.65) |
|
|
|
|
| M |
263 |
80.37 (0.64) |
|
|
|
|
| P3 |
|
< 0.0001 |
|
|
|
|
| Age, years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5–6 |
96 |
80.19 (0.64) |
43 |
80.41 (0.62) |
53 |
80.01 (0.60) |
| 7–8 |
183 |
80.29 (0.58) |
85 |
80.43 (0.55) |
98 |
80.17 (0.58) |
| 9–10 |
238 |
80.27 (0.71) |
108 |
80.36 (0.71) |
130 |
80.19 (0.70) |
| 11–12 |
50 |
80.15 (0.65) |
27 |
80.13 (0.63) |
23 |
80.18 (0.69) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.93 |
|
0.08 |
|
0.17 |
| Child was born in Bogotá |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
467 |
80.26 (0.65) |
212 |
80.39 (0.63) |
255 |
80.15 (0.65) |
| No |
51 |
80.27 (0.66) |
23 |
80.34 (0.66) |
28 |
80.22 (0.66) |
| P3 |
|
0.89 |
|
0.70 |
|
0.59 |
| Birth weight, g |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 2500 |
44 |
80.17 (0.77) |
20 |
80.20 (0.61) |
24 |
80.14 (0.90) |
| 2500–2999 |
110 |
80.28 (0.67) |
41 |
80.49 (0.73) |
69 |
80.16 (0.60) |
| 3000–3499 |
128 |
80.26 (0.66) |
57 |
80.41 (0.57) |
71 |
80.14 (0.70) |
| > 3500 |
147 |
80.22 (0.62) |
73 |
80.30 (0.64) |
74 |
80.13 (0.59) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.90 |
|
0.72 |
|
0.87 |
| Height-for-age Z score5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than -2.0 |
55 |
80.27 (0.69) |
22 |
80.27 (0.64) |
33 |
80.27 (0.73) |
| -2.0 to < -1.0 |
176 |
80.29 (0.62) |
90 |
80.40 (0.57) |
86 |
80.17 (0.65) |
| -1.0 to < 1.0 |
299 |
80.22 (0.69) |
133 |
80.37 (0.70) |
166 |
80.11 (0.65) |
| ≥ 1.0 |
20 |
80.24 (0.33) |
6 |
80.34 (0.31) |
14 |
80.20 (0.34) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.41 |
|
0.75 |
|
0.25 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than -2.0 |
10 |
80.41 (0.51) |
5 |
80.39 (0.63) |
5 |
80.43 (0.43) |
| -2.0 to < -1.0 |
63 |
80.34 (0.68) |
30 |
80.36 (0.64) |
33 |
80.32 (0.72) |
| -1.0 to < 1.0 |
371 |
80.22 (0.64) |
160 |
80.36 (0.64) |
211 |
80.11 (0.62) |
| 1.0 to < 2.0 |
92 |
80.31 (0.73) |
46 |
80.42 (0.70) |
46 |
80.19 (0.75) |
| ≥ 2.0 |
14 |
80.28 (0.55) |
10 |
80.31 (0.57) |
4 |
80.23 (0.58) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.79 |
|
0.90 |
|
0.42 |
| CRP, mg/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 1.0 |
279 |
80.32 (0.67) |
143 |
80.42 (0.62) |
136 |
80.21 (0.71) |
| ≥ 1.0 |
285 |
80.18 (0.63) |
119 |
80.32 (0.67) |
166 |
80.08 (0.58) |
| P3 |
|
0.01 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.07 |
| Maternal education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Incomplete primary |
37 |
80.28 (0.62) |
18 |
80.38 (0.52) |
19 |
80.19 (0.70) |
| Complete primary |
106 |
80.24 (0.67) |
46 |
80.30 (0.66) |
60 |
80.19 (0.68) |
| Incomplete secondary |
128 |
80.20 (0.65) |
60 |
80.30 (0.63) |
68 |
80.11 (0.65) |
| Complete secondary |
209 |
80.29 (0.65) |
94 |
80.44 (0.65) |
115 |
80.16 (0.63) |
| University |
33 |
80.39 (0.70) |
15 |
80.71 (0.56) |
18 |
80.13 (0.72) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.34 |
|
0.06 |
|
0.78 |
| Maternal height, cm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 154 |
109 |
80.30 (0.63) |
51 |
80.37 (0.65) |
58 |
80.24 (0.62) |
| 154–157 |
133 |
80.21 (0.68) |
60 |
80.36 (0.67) |
73 |
80.09 (0.67) |
| 158–161 |
110 |
80.29 (0.70) |
49 |
80.47 (0.65) |
61 |
80.15 (0.72) |
| ≥ 162 |
134 |
80.25 (0.60) |
59 |
80.38 (0.64) |
75 |
80.14 (0.55) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.77 |
|
0.75 |
|
0.54 |
| Maternal BMI, kg/m2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 18.5 |
17 |
79.88 (0.66) |
5 |
80.11 (0.82) |
12 |
79.78 (0.59) |
| 18.5–24.9 |
289 |
80.27 (0.63) |
124 |
80.39 (0.67) |
165 |
80.19 (0.59) |
| 25.0–29.9 |
136 |
80.27 (0.67) |
70 |
80.43 (0.64) |
66 |
80.10 (0.65) |
| ≥ 30 |
32 |
80.29 (0.71) |
15 |
80.37 (0.53) |
17 |
80.22 (0.84) |
| P trend4 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.61 |
|
0.63 |
| Household Socioeconomic Stratum6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 (lowest) |
44 |
80.35 (0.48) |
23 |
80.40 (0.55) |
21 |
80.29 (0.38) |
| 2 |
174 |
80.20 (0.67) |
87 |
80.35 (0.68) |
87 |
80.06 (0.63) |
| 3 |
305 |
80.21 (0.64) |
123 |
80.32 (0.64) |
182 |
80.13 (0.64) |
| 4 (highest) |
45 |
80.62 (0.71) |
30 |
80.62 (0.61) |
15 |
80.62 (0.89) |
| P trend4 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.27 | |||
1Totals may be < 568 for all children, < 263 for males, and < 305 for females because of missing values. 2From mixed effects linear regression models where site was a random effect. 3From analysis of variance (ANOVA). 4From univariate regression models in which a variable representing the ordinal predictor was introduced as continuous. 5According to the World Health Organization 2007 Child-Growth Reference 6According to the local government classification.