Fig. 4.

Hyperammonemia induces delayed transcription of autophagy regulatory genes in murine myotubes. Fold change in expression of genes regulating autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome components in differentiated murine C₂C₁₂ myotubes treated with Am.Ac. Ubiquitin proteasome components were not increased in response to hyperammonemia in differentiated C₂C₁₂ myotubes, whereas the autophagy genes Atg5 and -7, beclin-1, and LAMP2 were increased only at 24 h. All experiments were in triplicate. Gray vertical bar denotes the early time points in minutes. *P < 0.05 compared with controls.