Table 4.
Cardiovascular data
| WT |
G6PD Deficient |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Starch | Fructose | DIO | Starch | Fructose | DIO |
| 11–12 wk | ||||||
| Cardiovascular function | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 117 ± 3 | 114 ± 4 | 114 ± 5 | 113 ± 3 | 113 ± 4 | 118 ± 4 |
| Heart rate, BPM | 573 ± 11 | 553 ± 12 | 563 ± 10 | 543 ± 7 | 540 ± 12 | 565 ± 9 |
| Diastolic volume, μl | 40.5 ± 2.8 | 40.5 ± 2.5 | 42.1 ± 2.0 | 47.0 ± 2.3 | 47.4 ± 2.6* | 46.6 ± 2.5 |
| Systolic volume, μl | 21.4 ± 1.9 | 21.8 ± 1.6 | 21.7 ± 1.7 | 25.6 ± 1.3 | 25.2 ± 1.8 | 24.3 ± 1.6 |
| Stroke volume, μl | 19.2 ± 1.1 | 18.7 ± 1.4 | 20.4 ± 1.0 | 21.4 ± 1.3 | 22.2 ± 1.1* | 22.3 ± 1.3 |
| Ejection fraction % | 48.8 ± 1.9 | 46.3 ± 2.5 | 49.2 ± 2.1 | 45.5 ± 1.3 | 47.9 ± 1.6 | 48.4 ± 1.6 |
| Absolute wall thickness, mm | 1.73 ± 0.08 | 1.77 ± 0.10 | 1.73 ± 0.07 | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 1.61 ± 0.07 | 1.61 ± 0.06 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.533 ± 0.039 | 0.539 ± 0.040 | 0.523 ± 0.029 | 0.465 ± 0.031 | 0.463 ± 0.030 | 0.464 ± 0.03 |
| Anterior wall at diastole, mm | 0.983 ± 0.080 | 1.04 ± 0.08 | 0.918 ± 0.063 | 0.873 ± 0.078 | 0.855 ± 0.058 | 0.822 ± 0.047 |
| End diastolic diameter, mm | 3.35 ± 0.08 | 3.36 ± 0.07 | 3.41 ± 0.06 | 3.54 ± 0.06* | 3.54 ± 0.07 | 3.52 ± 0.07 |
| Posterior wall at diastole, mm | 0.749 ± 0.027 | 0.729 ± 0.038 | 0.846 ± 0.034‡ | 0.746 ± 0.026 | 0.751 ± 0.041 | 0.788 ± 0.038 |
| Anterior wall at systole, mm | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 1.09 ± 0.07 | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 1.08 ± 0.05 |
| End systolic diameter, mm | 2.68 ± 0.09 | 2.72 ± 0.07 | 2.72 ± 0.07 | 2.89 ± 0.05* | 2.85 ± 0.08 | 2.82 ± 0.07 |
| Posterior wall at systole, mm | 0.951 ± 0.040 | 0.891 ± 0.040 | 1.02 ± 0.03 | 0.944 ± 0.022 | 0.953 ± 0.037 | 0.972 ± 0.047 |
| Ejection time, ms | 61.0 ± 1.8 | 55.4 ± 1.8 | 52.6 ± 1.9† | 57.9 ± 1.8 | 55.4 ± 1.8 | 52.3 ± 1.8 |
| IVRT + IVCT, ms | 77.3 ± 4.0 | 67.4 ± 4.0 | 63.6 ± 4.2 | 75.7 ± 4.0 | 64.1 ± 4.0 | 58.4 ± 4.0† |
| Myocardial performance index | 1.25 ± 0.06 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | 1.31 ± 0.06 | 1.16 ± 0.06 | 1.13 ± 0.06 |
| Heart mass | ||||||
| Left ventricular mass, mg | 59.1 ± 1.4 | 59.6 ± 1.6 | 65.4 ± 1.6†‡ | 63.4 ± 1.3* | 66.6 ± 1.3* | 67.4 ± 1.6 |
| Right ventricular mass, mg | 18.2 ± 0.8 | 16.4 ± 0.8 | 18.9 ± 0.8 | 17.1 ± 1.2 | 17.4 ± 1.2 | 18.4 ± 0.9 |
| Atrial mass, mg | 3.78 ± 0.23 | 4.14 ± 0.29 | 5.02 ± 0.29† | 4.46 ± 0.24 | 4.53 ± 0.33 | 4.57 ± 0.24 |
| 23–24 wk | ||||||
| Cardiovascular function | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 96 ± 2 | 94 ± 3 | 99 ± 4 | 100 ± 3 | 100 ± 3 | 97 ± 4 |
| Heart rate, BPM | 634 ± 13 | 617 ± 25 | 652 ± 21 | 564 ± 17* | 594 ± 22 | 638 ± 20† |
| Diastolic volume, μl | 44.8 ± 3.5 | 53.9 ± 3.1 | 39.7 ± 4.8‡ | 50.3 ± 4.1 | 50.0 ± 2.9 | 42.0 ± 3.7 |
| Systolic volume, μl | 25.0 ± 2.7 | 28.9 ± 2.4 | 19.9 ± 3.1‡ | 27.1 ± 2.5 | 27.7 ± 2.6 | 19.4 ± 2.3 |
| Stroke volume, μl | 19.9 ± 1.2 | 25.0 ± 1.0 | 19.8 ± 2.1 | 23.2 ± 2.2 | 22.4 ± 0.9 | 22.6 ± 1.5 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 45.2 ± 2.1 | 46.9 ± 1.7 | 50.7 ± 2.3 | 46.5 ± 2.4 | 45.6 ± 2.4 | 54.6 ± 1.8†‡ |
| Absolute wall thickness, mm | 1.84 ± 0.13 | 1.79 ± 0.08 | 2.21 ± 0.20 | 1.67 ± 0.14 | 1.77 ± 0.16 | 1.84 ± 0.14 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.538 ± 0.051 | 0.486 ± 0.029 | 0.699 ± 0.099‡ | 0.476 ± 0.059 | 0.494 ± 0.05 | 0.549 ± 0.050 |
| Anterior wall at diastole, mm | 1.06 ± 0.13 | 0.948 ± 0.103 | 1.18 ± 0.13 | 0.874 ± 0.135 | 0.913 ± 0.108 | 0.991 ± 0.123 |
| End diastolic diameter, mm | 3.48 ± 0.09 | 3.71 ± 0.07 | 3.31 ± 0.14‡ | 3.61 ± 0.11 | 3.62 ± 0.07 | 3.40 ± 0.10 |
| Posterior wall at diastole, mm | 0.783 ± 0.040 | 0.842 ± 0.047 | 1.03 ± 0.11 | 0.799 ± 0.061 | 0.854 ± 0.070 | 0.853 ± 0.036 |
| Anterior wall at systole, mm | 1.26 ± 0.13 | 1.19 ± 0.10 | 1.43 ± 0.13 | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 1.12 ± 0.11 | 1.26 ± 0.14 |
| End systolic diameter, mm | 2.85 ± 0.10 | 3.01 ± 0.08 | 2.61 ± 0.13‡ | 2.93 ± 0.10 | 2.96 ± 0.10 | 2.62 ± 0.10 |
| Posterior wall at systole, mm | 0.951 ± 0.044 | 1.04 ± 0.20 | 1.22 ± 0.08† | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 1.10 ± 0.06 |
| Ejection time, ms | 48.5 ± 1.9 | 47.0 ± 1.9 | 45.5 ± 1.9 | 47.5 ± 2.0 | 49.0 ± 1.9 | 47.2 ± 2.0 |
| IVRT + IVCT, ms | 52.3 ± 3.7 | 52.0 ± 3.7 | 56.8 ± 3.7 | 55.8 ± 3.9 | 55.3 ± 3.7 | 48.3 ± 3.9 |
| Myocardial performance index | 1.08 ± 0.09 | 1.11 ± 0.09 | 1.32 ± 0.09 | 1.16 ± 0.09 | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.09 |
| 31 wk | ||||||
| Heart mass | ||||||
| Left ventricular mass, mg | 75.8 ± 1.7 | 77.4 ± 0.9 | 79.4 ± 2.2 | 72.1 ± 2.8 | 72.7 ± 2.2 | 74.7 ± 3.2 |
| Right ventricular mass, mg | 19.6 ± 0.9 | 21.0 ± 0.8 | 21.8 ± 1.2 | 18.7 ± 1.9 | 19.6 ± 0.9 | 20.8 ± 1.0 |
| Atrial mass, mg | 4.63 ± 0.39 | 4.79 ± 0.40 | 5.20 ± 0.28 | 4.11 ± 0.17 | 4.56 ± 0.14 | 4.60 ± 0.18 |
Values are means ± SE. BPM, beats per minute; IVCT, isovolumetric contraction time; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time.
*
P < 0.05 vs. WT within dietary treatment group;
†
P < 0.05 vs. starch within mouse strain;
‡
P < 0.05 vs. fructose within mouse strain; n = 19–20/group at 12 wk for blood pressure and echocardiography, n = 9–10/group for all other parameters at 31 wk of age.