Table 1.
Performance of the AUDIT-C in screening for DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol use disorders: U.S. adults 21 years of age and older
| Any DSM-IV AUD | DSM-IV Abuse | DSM-IV Dependence | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Sens. | % Spec. | %PPVa | PLRb | % Sens. | % Spec. | %PPVa | PLRb | % Sens. | % Spec. | %PPVa | PLRb | |
| N of cases | 1,534 | 15,691 | Variablec | 17,225 | 817 | 16,408 | Variablec | 17,225 | 717 | 16,508 | Variablec | 17,225 |
| AUDIT-C score | ||||||||||||
| ≤1 | 100.0 (0.0) | 37.8 (0.7) | 14.7 (0.4) | 1.6 | 100.0 (0.0) | 36.0 (0.7) | 7.8 (0.3) | 1.6 | 100.0 (0.0) | 35.8 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.3) | 1.6 |
| ≥2 | 98.2 (0.4) | 60.5 (0.7) | 21.0 (0.6) | 2.5 | 97.3 (0.7) | 57.6 (0.6) | 11.1 (0.5) | 2.3 | 99.1 (0.3) | 57.4 (0.7) | 9.9 (0.5) | 2.3 |
| ≥3 | 92.8 (0.8) | 72.2 (0.6) | 26.4 (0.8) | 3.3 | 90.4 (1.3) | 69.0 (0.6) | 13.7 (0.6) | 2.9 | 95.4 (0.9) | 68.8 (0.6) | 12.7 (0.6) | 3.1 |
| ≥4 | 82.6 (1.1) | 82.6 (0.4) | 33.7 (1.0) | 4.7 | 77.7 (1.7) | 79.2 (0.5) | 16.9 (0.7) | 3.7 | 88.3 (1.4) | 79.3 (0.5) | 16.8 (0.8) | 4.3 |
| ≥5 | 70.2 (1.3) | 90.8 (0.3) | 45.0 (1.3) | 7.6 | 62.7 (1.8) | 87.5 (0.4) | 21.4 (1.0) | 5.0 | 78.9 (1.9) | 87.9 (0.4) | 23.6 (1.2) | 6.5 |
| ≥6 | 59.0 (1.5) | 94.0 (0.3) | 51.3 (1.5) | 9.8 | 49.9 (1.9) | 91.0 (0.3) | 23.1 (1.2) | 5.5 | 69.3 (2.1) | 91.6 (0.3) | 28.2 (1.3) | 8.3 |
| ≥7 | 45.1 (1.6) | 96.0 (0.2) | 54.7 (1.7) | 11.3 | 35.0 (2.1) | 93.5 (0.3) | 22.6 (1.5) | 5.4 | 56.5 (2.4) | 94.3 (0.3) | 32.0 (1.6) | 9.9 |
| ≥8 | 33.8 (1.5) | 97.8 (0.2) | 62.4 (2.1) | 15.4 | 24.5 (1.9) | 95.8 (0.2) | 24.0 (1.9) | 5.8 | 44.5 (2.4) | 96.6 (0.2) | 38.4 (2.0) | 13.1 |
| ≥9 | 18.0 (1.2) | 99.2 (0.1) | 69.4 (3.0) | 22.5 | 9.6 (1.3) | 97.9 (0.2) | 19.8 (2.5) | 4.6 | 27.5 (2.1) | 98.7 (0.1) | 49.6 (3.1) | 21.2 |
| ≥10 | 13.7 (1.2) | 99.4 (0.1) | 70.8 (3.5) | 22.8 | 6.8 (1.2) | 98.4 (0.1) | 18.7 (2.8) | 4.3 | 21.5 (2.1) | 99.1 (0.1) | 52.1 (3.6) | 23.9 |
| ≥11 | 4.1 (0.6) | 99.9 (0.0) | 82.2 (5.4) | 41.0 | 1.5 (0.5) | 99.6 (0.1) | 15.8 (5.1) | 3.8 | 7.1 (1.2) | 99.8 (0.0) | 66.5 (6.9) | 35.5 |
| AUC | .914 (.003) | .870 (.004) | .923 (.004) | |||||||||
| Any DSM-5 AUD | DSM-5 Moderate AUD | DSM-5 Severe AUD | ||||||||||
| % Sens. | % Spec. | %PPVa | PLRb | % Sens. | % Spec. | % PPVa | PLRb | % Sens. | % Spec. | % PPVa | PLRb | |
| N of cases | 1,776 | 15,535 | Variablec | 17,311 | 1,149 | 16,162 | Variablec | 17,311 | 627 | 16,684 | Variablec | 17,311 |
| AUDIT-C score | ||||||||||||
| ≤1 | 100.0 (0.0) | 37.8 (0.8) | 16.3 (0.5)* | 1.6 | 100.0 (0.0) | 36.3 (0.8) | 10.7 (0.4)** | 1.6 | 100.0 (0.0) | 35.0 (0.7) | 5.7 (0.3)** | 1.5 |
| ≥2 | 98.4 (0.4) | 60.1 (0.7) | 23.0 (0.7)* | 2.5 | 97.6 (0.6) | 57.7 (0.7) | 14.9 (0.5)** | 2.3 | 99.8 (0.2) | 55.9 (0.7) | 8.1 (0.4)** | 2.3 |
| ≥3 | 93.3 (0.8) | 72.1 (0.6) | 28.9 (0.8)* | 3.3 | 90.7 (1.1) | 69.3 (0.6) | 18.3 (0.7)** | 3.0 | 98.4 (0.5)** | 67.5 (0.6) | 10.6 (0.5)* | 3.0 |
| ≥4 | 84.3 (1.1) | 82.5 (0.4) | 36.9 (1.0)* | 4.8 | 78.9 (1.4) | 79.4 (0.5) | 22.6 (0.8)** | 3.8 | 94.6 (1.0)** | 78.0 (0.5) | 14.3 (0.7)* | 4.3 |
| ≥5 | 69.1 (1.3) | 91.2 (0.3) | 48.7 (1.3)* | 7.9 | 60.9 (1.7) | 88.1 (0.3) | 28.0 (1.1)** | 5.1 | 84.6 (1.9)* | 87.3 (0.3) | 20.7 (1.1) | 6.7 |
| ≥6 | 56.0 (1.4) | 94.1 (0.2) | 53.7 (1.5) | 9.5 | 46.4 (1.8) | 91.4 (0.3) | 29.1 (1.3)** | 5.4 | 74.0 (2.1) | 91.2 (0.3) | 24.6 (1.3) | 8.5 |
| ≥7 | 45.1 (1.4) | 96.2 (0.2) | 59.1 (1.8) | 11.9 | 34.8 (1.7) | 93.8 (0.3) | 29.8 (1.6)** | 5.6 | 64.6 (2.3)* | 93.9 (0.3) | 29.3 (1.6) | 10.6 |
| ≥8 | 33.1 (1.4) | 97.7 (0.2) | 63.1 (2.0) | 14.4 | 23.9 (1.6) | 95.7 (0.2) | 29.9 (2.0)* | 5.6 | 50.3 (2.3) | 96.1 (0.2) | 33.3 (1.9) | 13.4 |
| ≥9 | 16.9 (1.0) | 99.1 (0.1) | 69.7 (3.0) | 18.8** | 9.7 (1.2) | 97.9 (0.2) | 26.1 (2.9) | 4.6 | 30.4 (2.0) | 98.5 (0.1) | 43.6 (3.2) | 21.6 |
| ≥10 | 13.1 (0.9) | 99.5 (0.1) | 75.5 (3.5) | 26.2* | 6.8 (1.0) | 98.5 (0.1) | 25.6 (3.4) | 4.5 | 25.0 (1.9) | 99.0 (0.1) | 49.9 (4.0) | 24.1 |
| ≥11 | 4.7 (0.6) | 99.9 (0.0) | 87.0 (5.8) | 47.0 | 2.2 (0.6) | 99.5 (0.1) | 26.8 (6.4) | 4.4 | 9.5 (1.40 | 99.8 (0.1) | 60.2 (7.3) | 40.5 |
| AUC | .915 (.003) | .871 (.004) | .935 (.004)* | |||||||||
Note: Figures in parentheses are standard errors of estimates. Values of 0.0 denote standard errors <.05. Shaded cells denote recommended cutpoints for outcome in question.
**
Significantly different (p<.005) from corresponding value for DSM-IV diagnosis
*
Significantly different (p<.05) from corresponding value for DSM-IV diagnosis
a
Positive predictive value
b
Positive likelihood ratio
c
N differs for each row, based on n of cases with AUDIT-C score in question (decreasing from 10,994 for scores ≤1 to 73 for scores ≥11)