Figure 1. The anatomically based model of a CA1 pyramidal cell accounts for ion homeostasis.

(A) The morphology of the model neuron is based on a CA1 pyramidal cell, with a soma, apical and basal dendrites, and axon as indicated. (B) Ion homeostasis is computed in each compartment by accounting for ion flux between the intracellular and extracellular space through channels, pumps and transporters, including voltage-gated Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ channels, GABA_A receptors, neuronal K⁺−Cl⁻ cotransporter (KCC2), Na⁺−K⁺−Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC1), Na⁺−K⁺ ATPase (NaK-ATPase), the Na⁺−Ca²⁺ exchanger (NaCaX), and leak currents. The extracellular volume (blue shading in diagram) is 15% of the intracellular compartment.