Table 2:

Characteristics of patients with incident heart failure by clinical site and time of diagnosis

Characteristic	Inpatients			Outpatients
	1997 n = 20 039	2007 n = 17 262	p value	1997 n = 19 830	2007 n = 17 283	p value
Women, %	51.0	51.8	0.09	51.8	47.5	< 0.001
Age, yr, %			< 0.001			< 0.006
20–64	17.9	19.0		19.9	25.1
65–74	27.0	20.3		26.7	21.3
75–84	35.3	35.3		34.9	33.9
≥ 85	19.8	25.4		18.6	19.7
Age, median, yr	76	78	< 0.001	75	76	< 0.001
Cardiovascular comorbidities, %
Atrial fibrillation or flutter	22.9	30.2	< 0.001	10.7	13.9	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	15.6	10.7	< 0.001	10.4	7.0	< 0.001
Hypertension	35.7	47.2	< 0.001	21.5	25.2	< 0.001
Ischemic heart disease	54.4	44.0	< 0.001	26.8	23.7	< 0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	10.6	7.3	< 0.001	5.3	4.0	< 0.001
Valvular heart disease	9.6	9.5	0.6	4.2	4.5	0.1
Other comorbidities, %
Metastatic cancer	3.7	4.1	0.04	1.9	1.7	0.3
Primary cancer	8.8	9.1	0.2	5.7	5.7	0.99
Dementia	5.0	9.2	< 0.001	2.7	3.4	< 0.001
Diabetes	26.1	34.6	< 0.001	12.9	16.4	< 0.001
Digestive ulcer disease	3.3	2.7	< 0.001	2.2	1.5	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	25.5	22.5	< 0.001	12.7	9.2	< 0.001
Rheumatic disease	2.5	2.0	< 0.001	1.5	1.2	0.007
Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Index score, %			< 0.001			< 0.001
0	20.0	19.3		54.5	56.2
1	30.8	21.2		20.2	17.4
2	21.8	20.1		12.5	10.9
≥ 3	27.5	39.4		12.7	15.5
Charlson–Deyo score, mean	1.9	2.3	< 0.001	1.0	1.1	< 0.001