Table 2.
Clinical-demographic characteristics of 472 patients with acute coronary syndrome, stratified by anergia status
| Anergia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total (n = 472) |
Yes (n = 153) |
No (n = 319) |
P |
| Age (years), M ± SD | 63.2 ± 11.4 | 63.4 ± 10.9 | 63.2 ± 11.7 | 0.86 |
| Women | 162 (34.3%) | 78 (51.0%) | 84 (26.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 152 (32.2) | 49 (32.0) | 103 (32.3) | 0.95 |
| White | 288 (61.4%) | 101 (66.0%) | 187 (59.2%) | 0.34 |
| Black | 94 (20.0%) | 26 (17.0%) | 68 (21.5%) | |
| Other | 87 (18.6%) | 26 (17.0%) | 61 (19.3%) | |
| Education (years), M ± SD | 13.3 ± 4.1 | 12.9 ± 3.6 | 13.5 ± 4.3 | 0.12 |
| No partner/spouse | 187 (39.9%) | 76 (50.3%) | 111 (34.9%) | 0.001 |
| Partner/spouse | 282 (60.1%) | 75 (49.7%) | 207 (65.1%) | |
| Unstable angina pectoris | 288 (61.0%) | 95 (62.1%) | 193 (60.5%) | 0.85 |
| ST-segment myocardial infarction | 55 (11.7%) | 16 (10.5%) | 39 (12.2%) | |
| Non-ST-segment myocardial infarction | 129 (27.3%) | 42 (27.5%) | 87 (27.3%) | |
| Prior CVD and procedures | ||||
| Angina pectoris | 291 (62.2%) | 107 (70.4%) | 184 (58.2%) | 0.011 |
| Myocardial infarction | 133 (28.4%) | 54 (35.5%) | 79 (24.9%) | 0.017 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 216 (46.4%) | 81 (54.0%) | 135 (42.7%) | 0.023 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 88 (18.8%) | 44 (28.9%) | 44 (13.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular disease | ||||
| Stroke | 20 (4.3%) | 8 (5.3%) | 12 (3.8%) | 0.46 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 20 (4.3%) | 10 (6.8%) | 10 (3.2%) | 0.08 |
| Prior heart failure | 51 (10.9%) | 27 (17.8%) | 24 (7.6%) | 0.001 |
| New York Heart Association class, M ± SD | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%), M ± SD | 50.4 ± 11.6 | 49.9 ± 12.3 | 50.6 ± 11.3 | 0.56 |
| Respiratory diseases | 58 (12.3%) | 24 (15.7%) | 34 (10.7%) | 0.12 |
| Liver diseases | 7 (1.5%) | 5 (3.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0.038 |
| Rheumatologic diseases | 38 (8.1%) | 26 (17.0%) | 12 (3.8%) | < 0.0001 |
| Stomach ulcers | 25 (5.3%) | 14 (9.2%) | 11 (3.4%) | 0.014 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/dL), M ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.99 |
| Anemia a | 157 (48.5%) | 55 (53.4%) | 102 (46.2%) | 0.22 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.732 | 118 (26.2%) | 48 (32.7%) | 70 (23.0%) | 0.029 |
| Subclinical hyperthyroidism | 6 (2.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.13 |
| Euthyroid | 251 (89.0%) | 82 (90.1%) | 169 (88.5%) | |
| Moderate hypothyroidism | 22 (7.8%) | 5 (5.5%) | 17 (8.9%) | |
| Severe hypothyroidism | 3 (1.1%) | 0 | 3 (1.6%) | |
| Grace risk score, M ± SD | 90.2 ± 29.4 | 93.6 ± 30.3 | 88.6 ± 28.8 | 0.085 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, M ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Participation in regular exercise | 208 (44.4%) | 50 (33.1%) | 158 (49.8%) | 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 73 (15.5%) | 31 (20.3%) | 42 (13.2%) | 0.046 |
| Poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) | 180 (46.9%) | 80 (62.0%) | 100 (39.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Current depressive disorder | 81 (17.2%) | 48 (31.4%) | 33 (10.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| Current or past depressive disorder | 213 (45.1%) | 91 (59.5%) | 122 (38.2%) | < 0.0001 |
| Beck Depression Inventory, M ± SD (Range: 0–63) | 9.2 ± 7.3 | 13.9 ± 8.2 | 7.0 ± 5.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire, M ± SD (Range: 0–27) | 4.4 ± 4.8 | 7.9 ± 5.5 | 2.8 ± 3.4 | < 0.0001 |
| HADS-A (Range: 0–21) | 3.1 ± 3.3 | 4.7 ± 4.0 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Probable anxiety disorder (HADS-A ≥ 8) | 48 (11.2%) | 30 (21.4%) | 18 (6.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| Bodily pain, M ± SD b | 45.3 ± 12.5 | 39.2 ± 13.7 | 48.2 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 |
a
Anemia was defined using the sex-specific hemoglobin thresholds used by the World Health Organization to classify persons living at sea level as anemic.12
b
Scores are T-scores, with higher values indicating less bodily pain.
Abbreviations: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale—Anxiety subscale.