TABLE I.
Calcitriol (10−8 M) + DM and Paricalcitol (10−8 M) + DM Significantly Modulated Genes Involved in Human Cardiovascular and Skeletal Function,* Compared With DM
| Gene | Calcitriol fold change | Paricalcitol fold change | Skeletal disorder | Cardiovascular disorder |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMP4 (7d) | +1.3 | +1.1 | Polymorphisms associated with hip BMD | |
| BMP6 (7d) | +1.3 | +1.1 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Found in intimal plaque SMCs |
| TNFRSF11B (OPG) (7d) | +1.3 | +1.3 | Idiopathic hyperphosphatasia (Juvenile Paget's disease) | Elevated in serum of CKD patients and in calcified vessels |
| CILP (7d) | +1.5 | +1.2 | SNIP associated with lumbar disc; crystal deposition in joint disease | |
| IL-6 (3d) | +1.3 | +1.1 | Cardiovascular disease | |
| KCNK3 (7d) | +1.5 | +1.2 | Arrhythmia | |
| DSP (7d) | +1.3 | +1.2 | Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy | |
| THBD (1d) | +1.4 | +1.3 | Coronary heart disease | |
| ENPP1 (7d) | −1.3 | −1.2 | Periarticular calcification | Spontaneous infantile arterial calcification |
| TNC (7d) | −1.3 | −1.1 | Polymorphism in Achilles tendon injury | Hypertension. Left ventricular remodeling. |
| GCLC (3d) | 1.4 | 1.2 | Endothelial vasomotor dysfunction; myocardial infarction | |
| ASPN (7d) | −1.4 | −1.3 | Susceptibility to arthritis | |
| HGF (7d) | −1.8 | −1.4 | Hypertension/atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease | |
| S100A4 (3d) | −1.5 | −1.4 | Arthritis | Plexogenic arteriopathy in pulmonary hypertension |
| CLEC3B (7d) | −1.7 | −1.4 | Rheumatoid arthritis |
Affymetrix probe set numbers can be found in Supplemental data, Tables I and II.
BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; OPG, osteoprotegerin; CILP, cartilage intermediate layer protein nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase; IL-6, interleukin-6; KCNK3, potassium channel, subfamily K, member 3; DSP, desmoplakin; THBD, thrombomodulin; ENPP1, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1; TNC, tenascin C; ASPN, asporin; TGFBR2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 2; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; S100A4, S100 calcium binding protein A4; CLEC3B, C-type lectin domain family, member B; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit.
Values are for the measurement of maximal change (4 h, 1, 3, or 7 days) for calcitriol (10−8 M) + DM. Bold: P < 0.001; italics: P < 0.05.