Table 1.
Characteristics of study respondents, by sex (N = 791)
| Variables |
Men (N = 173) |
Women (N = 618) |
|
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (N) | SD (%) | Mean (N) | SD (%) | t/X2 | p | |
| Age (years) |
35.8 |
7.5 |
35.1 |
9.0 |
0.83 |
0.408 |
| Educational level (years) |
16.5 |
2.3 |
14.1 |
1.7 |
15.27 |
<0.001*** |
| Marital status |
|
|
|
|
−1.83 |
0.068 |
| Married |
79 |
(46) |
273 |
(44) |
|
|
| Unmarried |
61 |
(35) |
193 |
(31) |
|
|
| Other |
1 |
(1) |
26 |
(4) |
|
|
| Life event |
|
|
|
|
0.73 |
0.466 |
| No |
111 |
(64) |
442 |
(72) |
|
|
| Yes |
14 |
(8) |
44 |
(7) |
|
|
| Alcohol drinking |
|
|
|
|
7.70 |
<0.001*** |
| No |
103 |
(60) |
478 |
(77) |
|
|
| Yes |
22 |
(13) |
8 |
(2) |
|
|
| Smoking |
|
|
|
|
11.26 |
<0.001*** |
| No |
95 |
(55) |
484 |
(78) |
|
|
| Yes |
31 |
(18) |
4 |
(1) |
|
|
| Hypnotics use |
|
|
|
|
−0.17 |
0.869 |
| No |
123 |
(71) |
479 |
(76) |
|
|
| Yes |
3 |
(2) |
13 |
(2) |
|
|
| Leader |
|
|
|
|
5.36 |
<0.001*** |
| No |
144 |
(83) |
588 |
(95) |
|
|
| Yes |
29 |
(17) |
30 |
(5) |
|
|
| ERI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Effort |
14.55 |
0.47 |
16.08 |
0.23 |
−2.66 |
0.003** |
| Reward |
27.09 |
0.29 |
26.03 |
0.15 |
3.07 |
0.002** |
| Salary |
1.65 |
0.09 |
1.94 |
0.06 |
−2.42 |
0.016* |
| Esteem |
10.18 |
0.18 |
10.29 |
0.10 |
−0.48 |
0.634 |
| Social Status Control |
15.25 |
0.21 |
13.81 |
0.11 |
5.66 |
<0.001*** |
| Overcommitment |
16.04 |
0.22 |
16.22 |
0.11 |
−0.73 |
0.46 |
| ER ratio |
0.99 |
0.03 |
1.15 |
0.02 |
−3.92 |
<0.001*** |
| GHQ |
1.58 |
0.20 |
1.87 |
0.10 |
−1.36 |
0.19 |
| WHOQOL-BREF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Physical |
25.4 |
0.43 |
25.5 |
0.16 |
−0.34 |
0.74 |
| Psychological |
19.7 |
0.34 |
19.5 |
0.15 |
0.76 |
0.45 |
| Social |
13.6 |
0.20 |
13.8 |
0.09 |
−1.21 |
0.23 |
| Environmental | 29.9 | 0.41 | 30.0 | 0.21 | −0.18 | 0.85 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.