Table 2.
WHOQOL-BREF and GHQ scores by effort-reward imbalance group, by sex
|
ERI |
Male (N = 173) |
Female (N = 618) |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No (N = 159) |
Yes (N = 14) |
No (N = 576) |
Yes (N = 42) |
|||
| Mean | Mean | p | Mean | Mean | p | |
| Age |
36.1 |
32.7 |
0.23 |
35.6 |
31.3 |
0.008** |
| Educational level |
16.1 |
17.3 |
0.09 |
14.1 |
14.7 |
0.037* |
| overcommitment |
15.9 |
17.9 |
0.009*** |
15.6 |
17.4 |
<0.001*** |
| Total Score of GHQ |
1.3 |
2.1 |
0.21 |
1.82 |
2.91 |
0.01** |
| WHOQOL-BREF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Physical |
25.6 |
23.3 |
0.21 |
25.7 |
23.9 |
0.006** |
| Psychological |
19.9 |
18.9 |
0.48 |
19.5 |
18.2 |
0.035* |
| Social |
13.6 |
13.7 |
0.10 |
13.8 |
13.6 |
0.47 |
| Environmental | 30.2 | 27.4 | 0.23 | 30.1 | 29.0 | 0.22 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ERI “yes” defined as both high effort and low reward, “no” defined as either high effort or low reward and neither high effort nor low reward.