Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1982 Oct;79(20):6285–6288. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6285

Properties of a cell-free system for synthesis of citrus exocortis viroid

Ricardo Flores 1,*, J S Semancik 1
PMCID: PMC347105  PMID: 16593239

Abstract

Partially purified nuclei from citrus exocortis viroid (CEV)-infected Gynura aurantiaca are able to synthesize linear and circular viroid molecules. Pretreatment of the nuclei with actinomycin D or deoxyribonuclease did not affect viroid synthesis, whereas the synthesis of other cellular RNAs was severely reduced. These observations support the essential role of CEV complementary RNA sequences in viroid replication. However, when α-amanitin was included in this in vitro synthesis system, CEV replication was markedly reduced by concentrations of 10 nM or greater. Taken together, these data support the proposition that viroid synthesis is catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase acting on a RNA template.

Keywords: nuclei-rich fraction, actinomycin D, DNase, α-amanitin, denaturing gel

Full text

PDF
6285

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Diener T. O. Potato spindle tuber virus: a plant virus with properties of a free nucleic acid. 3. Subcellular location of PSTV-RNA and the question of whether virions exist in extracts or in situ. Virology. 1971 Jan;43(1):75–89. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90226-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Diener T. O., Smith D. R. Potato spindle tuber viroid. XIII. Inhibition of replication by actinomycin D. Virology. 1975 Feb;63(2):421–427. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90314-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Diener T. O. Viroids: structure and function. Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):859–866. doi: 10.1126/science.472709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Grill L. K., Semancik J. S. RNA sequences complementary to citrus exocortis viroid in nucleic acid preparations from infected Gynura aurantiaca. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):896–900. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.2.896. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hamilton R. H., Künsch U., Temperli A. Simple rapid procedures for isolation of tobacco leaf nuclei. Anal Biochem. 1972 Sep;49(1):48–57. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90241-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Konarska M., Filipowicz W., Domdey H., Gross H. J. Formation of a 2'-phosphomonoester, 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage by a novel RNA ligase in wheat germ. Nature. 1981 Sep 10;293(5828):112–116. doi: 10.1038/293112a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mühlbach H. P., Sänger H. L. Viroid replication is inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Nature. 1979 Mar 8;278(5700):185–188. doi: 10.1038/278185a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Rackwitz H. R., Rohde W., Sänger H. L. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of plant origin transcribes viroid RNA into full-length copies. Nature. 1981 May 28;291(5813):297–301. doi: 10.1038/291297a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Semancik J. S., Geelen J. L. Detection of DNA complementary to pathogenic viroid RNA in exocortis disease. Nature. 1975 Aug 28;256(5520):753–756. doi: 10.1038/256753a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Semancik J. S., Morris T. J., Weathers L. G., Rodorf B. F., Kearns D. R. Physical properties of a minimal infectious RNA(viroik) associated with the exocortis disease. Virology. 1975 Jan;63(1):160–167. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90381-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Semancik J. S., Tsuruda D., Zaner L., Geelen J. L., Weathers J. G. Exocortis disease: subcellular distribution of pathogenic (viroid) RNA. Virology. 1976 Feb;69(2):669–676. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90495-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Semancik J. S., Weathers L. G. Exocortis disease: evidence for a new species of "infectious" low molecular weight RNA in plants. Nat New Biol. 1972 Jun 21;237(77):242–244. doi: 10.1038/newbio237242a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Takahashi T., Diener T. O. Potato spindle tuber viroid. XIV. Replication in nuclei isolated from infected leaves. Virology. 1975 Mar;64(1):106–114. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90083-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES