TABLE 1.
Characteristics by TFC7L2 gene variant at baseline and changes in 6 mo and 2 y in participants in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies study1
| rs7903146 |
rs12255372 |
|||||||
| CC | CT | TT | P | GG | GT | TT | P | |
| Full cohort [n (%)] | 291 (49.5) | 248 (42.2) | 49 (8.3) | — | 305 (51.6) | 240 (40.6) | 46 (7.8) | — |
| Age (y) | 52.5 ± 8.52 | 51.6 ± 9.5 | 51.6 ± 8.8 | — | 52.4 ± 8.9 | 51.4 ± 9.2 | 52.6 ± 8.4 | — |
| Sex (F) (%) | 55.7 | 58.9 | 53.1 | — | 58.0 | 55.0 | 58.7 | — |
| Low-fat diet group (%) | 47.4 | 52.8 | 40.8 | — | 46.9 | 52.5 | 45.7 | — |
| Low-protein group (%) | 52.2 | 50.0 | 49.0 | — | 53.1 | 47.9 | 47.8 | — |
| Lowest-carbohydrate group (%) | 25.4 | 23.4 | 30.6 | — | 24.6 | 24.6 | 30.4 | — |
| Center (Boston) (%) | 47.8 | 47.6 | 42.9 | — | 45.3 | 49.2 | 41.3 | — |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 95.0 ± 0.7 | 94.8 ± 0.8 | 93.3 ± 1.8 | 0.450 | 94.8 ± 0.7 | 95.2 ± 0.8 | 90.8 ± 1.8 | 0.272 |
| 6-mo change | −6.3 ± 0.3 | −6.9 ± 0.4 | −7.0 ± 0.8 | 0.210 | −6.3 ± 0.3 | −6.9 ± 0.4 | −7.3 ± 0.8 | 0.125 |
| 2-y change | −3.9 ± 0.4 | −3.6 ± 0.5 | −4.9 ± 1.0 | 0.760 | −3.8 ± 0.4 | −4.0 ± 0.5 | −5.2 ± 1.1 | 0.360 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 105.2 ± 0.6 | 105.3 ± 0.7 | 104.5 ± 1.5 | 0.779 | 105.2 ± 0.6 | 105.5 ± 0.7 | 102.8 ± 1.6 | 0.420 |
| 6-mo change | −6.6 ± 0.4 | −7.1 ± 0.4 | −6.5 ± 0.9 | 0.563 | −6.6 ± 0.4 | −6.9 ± 0.4 | −7.4 ± 0.9 | 0.350 |
| 2-y change | −4.8 ± 0.4 | −4.8 ± 0.5 | −5.4 ± 1.1 | 0.724 | −4.8 ± 0.4 | −5.0 ± 0.5 | −6.1 ± 1.1 | 0.377 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 32.6 ± 0.2 | 32.7 ± 0.2 | 32.5 ± 0.5 | 0.914 | 32.5 ± 0.2 | 32.8 ± 0.2 | 32.1 ± 0.6 | 0.999 |
| 6-mo change | −2.2 ± 0.1 | −2.4 ± 0.1 | −2.4 ± 0.3 | 0.187 | −2.2 ± 0.1 | −2.4 ± 0.1 | −2.5 ± 0.3 | 0.120 |
| 2-y change | −1.3 ± 0.2 | −1.3 ± 0.2 | −1.7 ± 0.4 | 0.670 | −1.3 ± 0.1 | −1.4 ± 0.2 | −1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.350 |
| DXA3 subset [n (%)] | 159 (49.3) | 136 (42.2) | 27 (8.4) | — | 162 (49.7) | 135 (41.4) | 29 (8.9) | — |
| Total fat mass (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 36.6 ± 0.4 | 37.1 ± 0.8 | 0.258 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 36.9 ± 0.4 | 37.1 ± 0.8 | 0.073 |
| 6-mo change | −2.9 ± 0.3 | −3.3 ± 0.3 | −3.4 ± 0.6 | 0.364 | −3.0 ± 0.3 | −3.2 ± 0.3 | −3.5 ± 0.6 | 0.449 |
| 2-y change | −2.4 ± 0.4 | −2.3 ± 0.4 | −1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.583 | −2.5 ± 0.4 | −2.3 ± 0.4 | −2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.904 |
| Lean mass (kg) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 61.1 ± 0.5 | 61.4 ± 0.6 | 58.6 ± 1.2 | 0.256 | 61.1 ± 0.5 | 61.7 ± 0.5 | 57.1 ± 1.2 | 0.100 |
| 6-mo change | −2.3 ± 0.2 | −2.3 ± 0.2 | −2.0 ± 0.4 | 0.615 | −2.3 ± 0.2 | −2.3 ± 0.2 | −2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.976 |
| 2-y change | −2.3 ± 0.3 | −1.9 ± 0.3 | −2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.601 | −2.2 ± 0.3 | −2.0 ± 0.3 | −2.5 ± 0.7 | 0.987 |
| Trunk fat (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 37.2 ± 0.4 | 37.9 ± 0.4 | 38.3 ± 0.9 | 0.116 | 37.1 ± 0.4 | 38.3 ± 0.4 | 38.2 ± 0.9 | 0.050 |
| 6-mo change | −3.7 ± 0.3 | −4.3 ± 0.4 | −4.0 ± 0.8 | 0.496 | −3.9 ± 0.3 | −4.2 ± 0.4 | −4.0 ± 0.8 | 0.662 |
| 2-y change | −3.1 ± 0.5 | −3.2 ± 0.5 | −2.0 ± 1.1 | 0.512 | −3.3 ± 0.5 | −3.1 ± 0.5 | −2.9 ± 1.0 | 0.707 |
Linear mixed models were used to determine mean baseline outcome measures adjusted for age, sex, and center and 6-mo and 2-y changes adjusted for age, sex, center, baseline measure, and diet intervention. Macronutrients from 4 randomized intervention diets were dichotomized as follows: low fat (2 diets with a target for total fat of 20% from total energy) compared with high fat (2 diets with a target for total fat of 40% from total energy); low protein (2 diets with a target of 15% from energy) compared with high protein (2 diets with a target of 25% from energy); and low carbohydrate (one diet with the lowest carbohydrate composition of 35% from energy) compared with high carbohydrate (one diet with a carbohydrate composition of 65%).
Mean ± SD (all such values).
DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.