TABLE 2.
β coefficients (95% CIs) of changes in body composition as predictors of changes in plasma glucose and insulin at 6 mo by diet type and TCF7L2 rs12255372 genotype1
| GG |
GT |
TT |
||||
| Predictor | Low fat | High fat | Low Fat | High fat | Low fat | High fat |
| Change in plasma glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Δ Weight | 0.32 (0.11, 0.53) | 0. 29 (0.08, 0.50) | 0.26 (0.01, 0.52) | 0.34 (0.08, 0.60) | 0.58 (0.20, 0.97) | 0.39 (−0.50, 1.28) |
| P | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.045 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.362 |
| Δ BMI | 0.90 (0.29, 1.52) | 0.90 (0.28, 1.52) | 0.82 (0.07, 1.60) | 0.92 (0.18, 1.66) | 1.78 (0.63, 2.92) | 1.30 (−1.42, 4.01) |
| P | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.031 | 0.016 | 0.005 | 0.326 |
| Δ Total fat | 0.52 (−0.16, 1.19) | 0.68 (0.19, 1.16) | 0.48 (−0.28, 1.23) | 0.44 (−0.27, 1.15) | 1.06 (−0.27, 2.39) | 2.45 (−0.81, 5.71) |
| P | 0.131 | 0.007 | 0.211 | 0.221 | 0.100 | 0.119 |
| Δ Trunk fat | 0.30 (−0.21, 0.81) | 0.49 (0.13, 0.85) | 0.41 (−0.16, 0.67) | 0.31 (−0.20, 0.83) | 0.92 (−0.11, 1.95) | 1.58 (−0.59, 3.75) |
| P | 0.248 | 0.009 | 0.157 | 0.226 | 0.071 | 0.129 |
| Change in plasma insulin (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Δ Weight | 0.44 (0.22, 0.65) | 0.28 (0.13, 0.42) | 0.33 (0.17, 0.49) | 0.29 (0.16, 0.43) | 0.47 (0.14, 0.81) | 0.27 (−0.22, 0.76) |
| P | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.009 | 0.265 |
| Δ BMI | 1.28 (0.65, 1.91) | 0.86 (0.43, 1.28) | 0.96 (0.49, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.23) | 1.46 (0.48, 2.44) | 1.02 (−0.46, 2.49) |
| P | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.163 |
| Δ Total fat | 0.32 (−0.46, 1.09) | 0.33 (−0.84, 1.50) | 0.74 (0.29, 1.20) | 0.68 (0.28, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.30, 1.71) | 0.31 (−1.41, 2.03) |
| P | 0.419 | 0.172 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.683 |
| Δ Trunk fat | 0.20 (−0.38, 0.78) | 0.27 (0.01, 0.53) | 0.52 (0.17, 0.86) | 0.47 (0.18, 0.76) | 0.88 (0.36, 1.40) | 0.17 (−0.97, 1.31) |
| P | 0.497 | 0.042 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.735 |
1
Values were obtained from linear mixed models by diet type and genotype for continuous changes in blood glucose and insulin adjusted for age, sex, center, and baseline measure. Low-fat randomized diets had a target for total fat of 20% from total energy; high-fat randomized diets had a target for total fat of 40% from total energy. n = 591 for models with weight and BMI as predictors, and n = 326 for models with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total fat and trunk fat measures as predictors.