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. 2012 Sep 21;109(38):603–638. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0603

Table. The most important fetal surgery procedures.

Indication Treatment Level of evidence References
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Fetoscopic laser coagulation I II Senat et al. 2004 (5)
Hecher et al. 1999 (3)
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome Fetoscopic laser coagulation II Hecher et al. 2006 (10)
Myelomeningocele Prenatal repair via hysterotomy I Adzick et al. 2011 (16)
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Fetoscopic tracheal occlusion I Harrison et al. 2003 (12)
I Ruano et al. 2012 (15)
II Jani et al. 2009 (13)
Aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis Percutaneous valvuloplasty of the fetal aortic/pulmonary valve III Kohl et al. 2000 (20)
Tulzer et al. 2002 (21)
Tworetzky et al. 2009 (22)
Arzt et al. 2011 (19)
Sacrococcygeal teratomas Fetoscopic laser obliteration of tumor vessels,high-frequency ablation III Hecher und Hackelöer 1996 (23) Makin et al. 2006 (OR) (e27) Paek al. 2001 (OR) (e25) Lee et al. 2011 (OR (e26)
Bilateral lower urinary tract obstruction Percutaneous vesicoamniotic shunt Percutaneous cystoscopy (lasering of valves, bladder marsupialization, cystostomy) III Morris und Kilby 2009 (OR) (e33)
III Morris et al. 2011 (24)
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary sequestration Percutaneous sclerotherapy Fetoscopic laser coagulation III Bermudez et al. 2008 (OR) (e30)
III Oepkes et al. 2007 (e34)