Table 3.
DMP exposure estimates.
| DMP Intake (μgkg −1d−1) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Adult | Teen | Child | Toddler | Infant |
| Present evaluation | |||||
| Update to Clark et al. (2003b), using concentrations in Table 2. Median intake, based on ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, and inhalation of air using data compiled from various countries and various years. Data format: median (95th percentile) | Age 20 to 70 y: 0.16 (0.48) | Age 12 to 19 y: 0.19 (0.60) | Age 5 to 11 y: 0.40 (1.2) | Age 0.5 to 4y: 0.47 (1.4) | Age 0 to 0.5 y: 0.22 (0.8) |
| Clark et al. (2003b) | |||||
| Median intake, based on ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, and inhalation of air using data compiled from various countries and various years | Age 20 to 70 y: 0.7 | Age 12 to 19 y: 0.7 | Age 5 to 11 y: 1.4 | Age 0.5 to 4y: 1.6 | Age 0 to 0.5 y: 0.05 |
| Wormuth et al. (2006) + suppl data | |||||
| Europe: based on oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, including consumer products; data format = low, intermediate, high estimate; F = female; M = male Fromme et al. (2007b) | Age 18 to 80 y:F: 0.06; 0.94; 7.31 M: 0.08; 0.85; 5.99 | Age 11 to 18 y:F: 0.07; 0.59; 3.50 M: 0.05; 0.53; 3.55 | Age 4 to 10 y: 0.05; 0.46; 5.92 | Age 1 to 3 y: 0.08; 0.76; 9.78 | Age 0 to 1 y: 0.2; 1.27; 16.97 |
| Germany (2005): intake estimated from composite dietary samples collected over 7 days; N = 50 (27 female + 23 male) | Age 14 to 60 y: 0.11 (median); 0.18 (95th percentile); 0.05–0.26 (range) | — | — | — | |
| Itoh et al. (2007) | |||||
| Japan: | |||||
| Based on ingestion of food and inhalation of indoor air; data compiled from various sources | 0.38 (mean) | — | — | — | — |
| Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MMP (2004); N = 35 | 1.4 to 2.0 (range of means); 0.60 to 0.87 (range of geo means) | — | — | — | — |
| CDC (2005)a | |||||
| USA (NHANES 2001–2002): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MMP; data format: geo mean (95th percentile) | |||||
| N = 2772 | Age 6+ y: Total: 0.034 (0.25); Male: 0.034 (0.23); Female: 0.034 (0.28) | — | — | ||
| N = 1638 | Age 20+ y: 0.031 (0.24) | — | — | — | — |
| N = 742 | — | Age 12 to 19 y: 0.021 (0.12) | — | — | — |
| N = 392 | — | — | Age 6 to 11 y: 0.028 (0.21) | — | — |
| Huang et al. (2006) | |||||
| Taiwan (undated): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MMP; pregnant women; N = 28 | 0.3 (median) | — | — | — | — |
aDaily intake calculated from reported urinary metabolite data, as described in text.