Table 4.
DEP exposure estimates.
| DEP Intake (μgkg−1d−1) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Adult | Teen | Child | Toddler | Infant |
| Present evaluation | |||||
| Update to Clark et al. (2003b), using concentrations in Table 2. Median intake, based on ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, and inhalation of air using data compiled from various countries and various years. Data format: median (95th percentile) | Age 20 to 70 y: 0.46 (1.0) | Age 12 to 19 y: 0.46 (1.3) | Age 5 to 11 y: 0.93 (2.8) | Age 0.5 to 4 y: 1.2 (3.8) | Age 0 to 0.5 y: 0.34 (1.2) |
| Clark et al. (2003b) | |||||
| Based on ingestion of food, drinking water, dust/soil, and inhalation of air using data compiled from various countries and various years | Age 20 to 70 y: 2.5 (median) | Age 12 to 19 y: 3.0 (median) | Age 5 to 11 y: 5.7 (median) | Age 0.5 to 4 y: 10.6 (median) | Age 0 to 0.5 y: 0.2 (median) |
| Wormuth et al. (2006) + suppl data | |||||
| Europe: based on oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, including consumer products; data format = low, intermediate, high estimate; F = female; M = maleFromme et al. (2007b) | Age 18 to 80 y:F: 0.01, 4.06, 84.11 M: 0.02; 4.47; 49.27 | Age 11 to 18 y:F: 0.01; 1.76; 20.94 M: 0.03; 1.53; 12.12 | Age 4 to 10 y: 0.27; 1.23; 7.12 | Age 1 to 3 y: 0.56; 2.46; 13.89 | Age 0 to 1 y: 1.25; 4.37; 23.86 |
| Germany (2005): intake estimated from composite dietary samples collected over 7 days; N = 50 (27 female + 23 male) | Age 14 to 60 y: 0.13 (median); 0.34 —(95th percentile); 0.06–0.49 (range) | ||||
| Fromme et al. (2007b) | |||||
| Germany (2002: Koch et al. 2003a): N = 85 Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP; data format: median (95th percentile) | Age 7 to 63 y: Female: 4.6 (38.5); Male: 2.0 (42.4) | ||||
| Tsurmura et al. (2001a) | |||||
| Japan (1999): Based on total diet study of hospital food; calculated using body weight of 50 kg. | 0.007 (mean) | — | — | — | — |
| Itoh et al. (2007) | |||||
| Japan: | |||||
| Based on ingestion of food and inhalation of indoor air; data compiled from various sources | 0.051 to 0.065 (range of means) | — | — | — | — |
| Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP (2004); N = 35 | 0.77 to 1.2 (range of means) | — | — | — | — |
| Calafat and McKee (2006) | |||||
| USA (NHANES 2001–2002; CDC, 2005): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP; data format: geo mean (95th percentile) | |||||
| N = 2772 | Age 6 to > 20 y: 5.5 (61.7); Male: 4.9 (69.0); Female: 6.2 (47.4) | — | — | ||
| N = 742 | — | Age 12 to 19 y: 5.0 (44.1) | — | — | — |
| N = 392 | Age 6 to 11 y: 1.8 (15.3) | — | — | ||
| Marsee et al. (2006) | |||||
| USA (2000–2003): pregnant women (N = 214): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP | 6.64 (median); 112.3 (95th percentile) | — | — | — | — |
| CDC (2003)a | |||||
| USA (NHANES 1999–2000): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP; data format: geo mean (95th percentile) | |||||
| N = 2536 | Age 6+ y: Total: 5.4 (64.7); Male: 5.4 (74.1); Female: 5.6 (57.4) | — | — | ||
| N = 1456 | Age 20+ y: 5.9 (72.0) | — | — | — | — |
| N = 752 | — | Age 12 to 19 y 2.6 (28.3) | — | — | — |
| N = 328 | — | — | Age 6 to 11 y: 1.7 (11.4) | — | — |
| Brock et al. (2002)a | — | — | — | Age 11.8 to 16.5 months: | — |
| USA (2000): Intake calculated from urinarymetabolite data for MEP; 19 children; 30 samples | — | — | — | 6.3 (geo mean); 37 (95th percentile) | — |
| David (2000) | |||||
| USA (1988–1994; NHANES III). Intake calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP (Blount et al. 2000); N = 289 | Age 20 to 60 y: 12.34 (geo mean); 93.33 (95th percentile) | — | — | — | — |
| Kohn et al. (2000) | |||||
| USA (1988–1994; NHANES III). Intake calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP (Blount et al. 2000); N = 289 | Age 20 to 60 y:12 (median);110 (95th percentile) | — | — | — | — |
| Huang et al. (2006) | |||||
| Taiwan (undated): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP; pregnant women; N = 28 | 3.01 (median) | — | — | — | — |
| Chen et al. (2008) | |||||
| Taiwan (undated): Calculated from urinary metabolite data for MEP; N = 60 (41 female, 18 male) | Age 21 to 67 y: nd (median); nd to 27.9 (range) | — | — | — | — |
aDaily intake calculated from reported urinary metabolite data, as described in text. nd = Not detected.