Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1982 Nov;79(21):6497–6501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6497

Cloning and characterization of different human sequences related to the onc gene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29).

R Dalla-Favera, E P Gelmann, S Martinotti, G Franchini, T S Papas, R C Gallo, F Wong-Staal
PMCID: PMC347154  PMID: 6292905

Abstract

We have studied the genomic organization of human cellular sequences (c-myc) homologous to the transforming gene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29). Southern blotting experiments using v-myc probes showed that several fragments of the human genome contain sequences related to the central part of v-myc but only few of them are homologous to the 3' portion of the viral gene. Several recombinant phages which represent different regions of the genome containing c-myc-related sequences were isolated from a human DNA library. Two clones (lambda-LMC-12 and -41) overlap over approximately 17 kilobases of DNA where a sequence homologous to that of the entire v-myc is present. Restriction mapping experiments and heteroduplex analysis show that c-myc sequences of this locus are interrupted by one intron, suggesting that lambda-LMC-12 and -41 contain the complete functional c-myc gene. Three other clones (lambda-LMC-3, -4, and -26) do not overlap and contain sequences related to only approximately 0.3 kilobase of v-myc but lack 5' and 3' portions of the gene. These sequences are not interrupted by introns and are more divergent from v-myc than is the complete gene, suggesting that they may represent either pseudogenes or parts of distantly related genes.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

6498Image
on p.6498
6498Image
on p.6498
6499Image
on p.6499
6499Image
on p.6499

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beug H., von Kirchbach A., Döderlein G., Conscience J. F., Graf T. Chicken hematopoietic cells transformed by seven strains of defective avian leukemia viruses display three distinct phenotypes of differentiation. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):375–390. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90057-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bister K., Ramsay G. M., Hayman M. J. Deletions within the transformation-specific RNA sequences of acute leukemia virus MC29 give rise to partially transformation-defective mutants. J Virol. 1982 Mar;41(3):754–766. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.3.754-766.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dalla-Favera R., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. Onc gene amplification in promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60 and primary leukaemic cells of the same patient. Nature. 1982 Sep 2;299(5878):61–63. doi: 10.1038/299061a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Denison R. A., Van Arsdell S. W., Bernstein L. B., Weiner A. M. Abundant pseudogenes for small nuclear RNAs are dispersed in the human genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):810–814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Donner P., Greiser-Wilke I., Moelling K. Nuclear localization and DNA binding of the transforming gene product of avian myelocytomatosis virus. Nature. 1982 Mar 18;296(5854):262–269. doi: 10.1038/296262a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Duesberg P. H., Vogt P. K. Avian acute leukemia viruses MC29 and MH2 share specific RNA sequences: evidence for a second class of transforming genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1633–1637. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Eva A., Robbins K. C., Andersen P. R., Srinivasan A., Tronick S. R., Reddy E. P., Ellmore N. W., Galen A. T., Lautenberger J. A., Papas T. S. Cellular genes analogous to retroviral onc genes are transcribed in human tumour cells. Nature. 1982 Jan 14;295(5845):116–119. doi: 10.1038/295116a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gelmann E. P., Petri E., Cetta A., Wong-Staal F. Deletions of specific regions of the simian sarcoma-associated virus genome are found in defective viruses and in the simian sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1982 Feb;41(2):593–604. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.2.593-604.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Graf T., Beug H. Avian leukemia viruses: interaction with their target cells in vivo and in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Nov 17;516(3):269–299. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(78)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Graf T. Two types of target cells for transformation with avian myelocytomatosis virus. Virology. 1973 Aug;54(2):398–413. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90152-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hollis G. F., Hieter P. A., McBride O. W., Swan D., Leder P. Processed genes: a dispersed human immunoglobulin gene bearing evidence of RNA-type processing. Nature. 1982 Mar 25;296(5855):321–325. doi: 10.1038/296321a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lautenberger J. A., Schulz R. A., Garon C. F., Tsichlis P. N., Papas T. S. Molecular cloning of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) transforming sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1518–1522. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Maniatis T., Hardison R. C., Lacy E., Lauer J., O'Connell C., Quon D., Sim G. K., Efstratiadis A. The isolation of structural genes from libraries of eucaryotic DNA. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):687–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90036-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Miller J. R., Cartwright E. M., Brownlee G. G., Fedoroff N. V., Brown D. D. The nucleotide sequence of oocyte 5S DNA in Xenopus laevis. II. The GC-rich region. Cell. 1978 Apr;13(4):717–725. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90221-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Nishioka Y., Leder A., Leder P. Unusual alpha-globin-like gene that has cleanly lost both globin intervening sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2806–2809. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2806. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Payne G. S., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Multiple arrangements of viral DNA and an activated host oncogene in bursal lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):209–214. doi: 10.1038/295209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Payne G. S., Courtneidge S. A., Crittenden L. B., Fadly A. M., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Analysis of avian leukosis virus DNA and RNA in bursal tumours: viral gene expression is not required for maintenance of the tumor state. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):311–322. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90127-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Robins T., Bister K., Garon C., Papas T., Duesberg P. Structural relationship between a normal chicken DNA locus and the transforming gene of the avian acute leukemia virus MC29. J Virol. 1982 Feb;41(2):635–642. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.2.635-642.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sheiness D. K., Hughes S. H., Varmus H. E., Stubblefield E., Bishop J. M. The vertebrate homolog of the putative transforming gene of avian myelocytomatosis virus: characteristics of the DNA locus and its RNA transcript. Virology. 1980 Sep;105(2):415–424. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90042-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sheiness D., Bishop J. M. DNA and RNA from uninfected vertebrate cells contain nucleotide sequences related to the putative transforming gene of avian myelocytomatosis virus. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):514–521. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.514-521.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sheiness D., Fanshier L., Bishop J. M. Identification of nucleotide sequences which may encode the oncogenic capacity of avian retrovirus MC29. J Virol. 1978 Nov;28(2):600–610. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.2.600-610.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shilo B. Z., Weinberg R. A. DNA sequences homologous to vertebrate oncogenes are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):6789–6792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.6789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Steinmetz M., Moore K. W., Frelinger J. G., Sher B. T., Shen F. W., Boyse E. A., Hood L. A pseudogene homologous to mouse transplantation antigens: transplantation antigens are encoded by eight exons that correlate with protein domains. Cell. 1981 Sep;25(3):683–692. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90175-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Vanin E. F., Goldberg G. I., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. A mouse alpha-globin-related pseudogene lacking intervening sequences. Nature. 1980 Jul 17;286(5770):222–226. doi: 10.1038/286222a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wahl G. M., Stern M., Stark G. R. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3683–3687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Westin E. H., Wong-Staal F., Gelmann E. P., Dalla-Favera R., Papas T. S., Lautenberger J. A., Eva A., Reddy E. P., Tronick S. R., Aaronson S. A. Expression of cellular homologues of retroviral onc genes in human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(8):2490–2494. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wong-Staal F., Reitz M. S., Jr, Gallo R. C. Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):2032–2036. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.2032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES