Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2012 May;18(5):799–806. doi: 10.1038/nm.2729

Figure 2. Expansion and extraintestinal colonization of a multi-drug resistant E. coli in response to intestinal injury in dysbiotic mice.

Figure 2

(a) Levels of AVNM-resistant bacteria in the intestinal-tract of AVNM-treated and water-treated wild-type male and female littermates 7 d post treatment-initiation. *P < 0.05 by Student's t-test and (n = 4) for both conditions

(b) Levels of AVNM-resistant bacteria in the lung of AVNM- plus DSS-treated and DSS-only treated male and female littermates 7 d post DSS treatment initiation. *P < 0.05 by Student's t-test and (n = 4) for both conditions. Red dashed line represents the limit of detection and black circles represent individual mice below the limit of detection.

(c) Levels of AVNM-resistant bacteria in the liver of AVNM- plus DSS-treated and DSS-only treated male and female littermates 7 d post DSS treatment initiation. *P < 0.05 by Student's t-test and (n = 4) for both conditions

(d) Representative images of disc diffusion assays and quantitation of the zone of inhibition to determine the susceptibility of an E. coli-O21:H+ isolate to AVNM or streptomycin. E. coli-K12 was used as a control. Error bars indicate standard deviation.

(e) Intestinal levels of total AVNM-resistant bacteria and AVNM-resistant E. coli-O21:H+ in AVNM-treated wild-type male and female mice compared to littermates that received a water control. DSS-treated mice (n = 4) and AVNM+DSS-treated mice (n = 4). Red dashed line represents the limit of detection and black circles represent individual mice below the limit of detection.

(f) Lung and liver levels of total AVNM-resistant bacteria and AVNM-resistant E. coli-O21:H+ in AVNM+DSS-treated wild-type male and female mice compared to littermates that received a DSS-only control. DSS-treated mice (n = 4) and AVNM+DSS-treated mice (n = 4).

(g) Intestinal levels of AVNM-resistant E. coli and streptomycin-resistant E. coli in AVNM and streptomycin-treated wild-type male and female mice were determined and compared to wild-type littermates that received a water control. Unmolested mice (n = 4); AVNM treated mice (n = 4) and streptomycin treated mice (n = 4).

(h) Intestinal levels of AVNM-resistant E. coli in single-housed female Jax mice and Jax mice co-housed with female colony-born (CB) mice after 7 d of AVNM treatment. Jax single-housed (n = 3); Jax co-housed (n = 3) and CB co-housed (n = 3).

(i) Temperature and survival of AVNM+DSS-treated female single-housed Jax mice and Jax mice co-housed with female colony-born mice. For survival, P = 0.0236 by Log rank analysis. Data represent two combined experiments; Jax single-housed (n = 11), Jax co-housed (n = 11); CB co-housed (n = 11) and DSS only (n = 5). Error bars indicate standard deviation.