Fig. 1. Adjusted cumulative incidence in high- and low-use health service areas by cancer risk. Confidence intervals (CIs) for cumulative incidence were obtained by using 1000 bootstrap samples. Palliative treatment includes palliative radiation therapy, chemotherapy, spinal cord compression treatment, and transurethral resection of the prostate, nephrostomy, or cystotomy. The difference in use of chemotherapy between high primary androgen-deprivation therapy (PADT) use and low PADT use at 10 yr for low-risk patients was significant (95% CI, 0.06–2.09; Fig. 1b). Death was treated as a competing risk.

HSA = health service area.