Table 4.

Lytic viral immortalizing/transforming proteins

vGPCR(ORF74) (reviewed in [68])

A constitutively active IL-8 receptor homologue Activates JNK/SAPK, PLC/PKC, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-AT and NFκB Immortalizes primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Transforms NIH3T3 cells that can then form tumors in nude mice Forms KS-like lesions in transgenic mice

K1

An ITAM-containing Ig-receptor homologue [144, 145] Functionally substitutes for STP in HVS to transform primary monkey T cells [146] Transforms rat cells, forms tumors in nude mice, and induces B-cell lymphomas in transgenic mice [147] Activates NF-κB [148] Inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis [56] Immortalizes primary HUVECs and induces MMP-9 and VEGF [149]

vIRF1 (K9) (reviewed in [150])

A homologue of the cellular interferon regulatory factors Transforms rat cells that can then form tumors in nude mice Activates the c-myc promoter [151] Inhibits p300, p53 and TGF-β