Table 1. Characteristics of the KORA S4 cross-sectional study sample.
| Clinical and laboratory parameters | NGT | i-IFG | IGT | dT2D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 866 | 102 | 238 | 91 |
| Age (years) | 63.5±5.5 | 64.1±5.2 | 65.2±5.2 | 65.9±5.4 |
| Sex (female) (%) | 52.2 | 30.4 | 44.9 | 41.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7±4.1 | 29.2±4 | 29.6±4.1 | 30.2±3.9 |
| Physical activity (% >1 h per week) | 46.7 | 35.3 | 39.9 | 36.3 |
| Alcohol intakea (%) | 20.2 | 20.5 | 25.2 | 24.2 |
| Current smoker (%) | 14.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 23.1 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 131.7±18.9 | 138.9±17.9 | 140.7±19.8 | 146.8±21.5 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 60.5±16.4 | 55.7±15.9 | 55.7±15.1 | 50.0±15.8 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 154.5±39.8 | 152.1±37.7 | 155.2±38.6 | 146.1±44.6 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 120.7±68.3 | 145.0±96.0 | 146.6±80.0 | 170.6±107.1 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.56±0.33 | 5.62±0.33 | 5.66±0.39 | 6.21±0.83 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 95.6±7.1 | 114.2±3.7 | 104.5±9.7 | 133.2±31.7 |
| 2-h Glucose (mg/dl) | 102.1±21.0 | 109.3±18.7 | 163.4±16.4 | 232.1±63.7 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 10.48±7.28 | 16.26±9.67 | 13.92±9.53 | 17.70±12.61 |
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; i-IFG, isolated impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; dT2D, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
Percentages of individuals or means±s.d. are given for each variable and each group (NGT, i-IFG, IGT and dT2D).
a⩾20 g/day for women; ⩾40 g/day for men.